Spatial agglomeration and business groups: new evidence from Italian industrial districts



Table 2 -Firms belonging to a business group: 2001

Firms

_____Employees_____

(c)/(a)

(c)∕(b)

(c)/(a)

(c)/(b)

%

%

%

%

Non district LLSs (585)

4.63

21.31

44.94

63.47

District LLS (199)

5.87

23.88

35.39

53.05

District LLS (only district sector) (199)

5.86

24.11

35.67

53.28

(a) All firms

(b) Firms with known ownership structure

(c) Firms belonging to a business group

Table 3 - Firms belonging to a business group (2001), % of firms

District firms

Non-district firms

(c)/(a)

(c)/(b)

(c)/(a)

(c)/(b)

%

%

%

%

Food (17)

5.67

20.61

2.69

17.75

Textile and clothing (68)

5.01

21.82

3.09

17.43

Leather and footwear (28)

4.06

15.92

2.83

14.73

Furniture (39)

4.91

25.33

2.39

18.66

Mechanics (33)

7.46

25.77

5.43

22.31

Other sectors (14)__________

7.23

20.99

9.27

26.27

(a) All firms

(b) Firms with known ownership structure

(c) Firms belonging to a business group

Table 4 - Firms belonging to a business group (2001), % of employees

District firms

Non-district firms

(c)/(a)

(c)/(b)

(c)/(a)

(c)/(b)

%

%

%

%

Food (17)

51.73

64.69

32.34

57.57

Textile and clothing (68)

29.80

49.89

28.65

50.15

Leather and footwear (28)

17.29

31.47

20.66

38.36

Furniture (39)

41.54

61.14

25.30

49.00

Mechanics (33)

42.19

57.36

40.77

57.46

Other sectors (14)__________

36.36

50.43

51.60

64.72

(a) All firms

(b) Firms with known ownership structure

(c) Firms belonging to a business group

It is worth noting that, for the aim of our study, the higher presence of groups when
measured in terms of firms is more significant than when measured in terms of employees.
Indeed, this difference means that in industrial districts the group form is more widespread

12



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