Improvements in medical care and technology and reductions in traffic-related fatalities in Great Britain



Table 3

Fixed effect OLS models: ratio of fatalities/slight injuries

Dependent variable

Ratio of Fatalities / Slight Injuries

OLS fixed effect model

Model with AR(1) correction

______a______

_______B______

_______C_______

______D______

Variables

Coef.

t-stat

Coef.

t-stat

Coef.

t-stat

Coef.

t-stat

ln(average vehicle age)

-0.351

-1.99

-0.272

-1.16

0.032

0.23

0.204

0.96

ln(% network miles of motorway & trunk road)

0.538

1.41

-0.294

-0.76

0.411

0.88

-0.046

-0.09

ln(% network miles of other roads)

-0.097

-0.81

-0.116

-1.08

0.119

0.85

0.063

0.47

ln(Motorway length per square km of area)

-0.183

-1.66

-0.131

-0.92

-0.125

-0.93

-0.283

-1.54

ln(Trunk road length per square km of area

-0.246

-0.89

0.222

0.83

-0.149

-0.44

0.098

0.29

ln(Vehicles per thousand population)

0.015

0.24

0.031

0.36

0.062

0.99

0.032

0.33

ln(% of household having no car)

0.290

2.26

0.171

1.42

0.193

1.55

0.204

1.60

ln(GDP £ per capita 1998 £)_______________________

0.381

1.24

0.445

1.52

0.273

0.72

0.696

1.80

ln(Per capita expenditure on alcohol, 1998 £)

0.173

1.35

0.065

0.51

0.266

1.71

0.155

0.96

ln(Average length of inpatient stay in the hospital)

0.501

3.39

0.321

1.94

ln(NHS staff per thousand population)

-0.255

-3.02

-0.140

-1.88

ln(Persons waiting for hospital treatment)

0.161

1.93

0.209

1.78

ln(Total population)

0.020

0.21

-0.292

-2.08

0.071

0.54

-0.096

-0.58

ln(% population age 0-14)

-0.436

-1.22

-0.637

-1.80

-0.031

-0.10

-0.395

-1.09

ln(% population age 15-24)

-0.001

-0.01

-0.166

-1.27

-0.152

-1.31

-0.193

-1.48

ln(% population age 25-44)

0.184

0.59

0.309

0.98

-0.177

-0.59

0.019

0.06

ln(% population age 45-64)

0.117

0.35

0.203

0.60

0.069

0.21

-0.214

-0.59

ln(% population age 65 or over)

0.434

1.49

0.566

1.82

0.393

1.37

0.160

0.49

constant

-14.065

-2.83

-1.782

-0.34

-15.635

-6.27

-10.049

-2.77

Number of observations

______200

_______180

_______190

_______171

R-Squared (within)

0.923

0.942

0.752

0.853

Autocorrelation parameter, n

0.584

0.434

* year dummy variables are not shown for brevity

25



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