for ATS 2.6 billion. Hence the intra-firm trade surplus was ATS 2.6 billion. If we look at the structure of
these exports we can see that only two sectors account for two thirds of all intra-firm exports: trade and
chemicals and petroleum. All other industries show an export share of minor importance. The large share
of intra-firm exports in trade is in line with the strong investment activities of this sector. Within the
trading sector FDI and intra-firm exports in particular show a complementary relation. One specific
feature of trade is that these exports consist entirely of final goods. Hence it is not a result of an
improved international division of labour. However the trade surplus of this sector is remarkable and
accounts for nearly two thirds of the overall trade surplus.
Table 5: Intra-firm trade of goods, 1995 (in ATS million)
Exports Imports Balance
|
Mining and quarrying |
11.3 |
0.8 |
10.5 |
|
Food, beverages, tabacco |
123.1 |
67.1 |
56.0 |
|
Textiles, clothing, leather |
109.1 |
54.8 |
54.3 |
|
Wood processing |
25.0 |
228.4 |
-203.4 |
|
Paper, printing and publishing |
112.4 |
53.3 |
59.1 |
|
Chemicals and petroleum |
1,616.6 |
894.6 |
722.0 |
|
Non-metallic products |
293.5 |
103.5 |
190.0 |
|
Metal products |
66.4 |
122.1 |
-55.7 |
|
Mechanical products |
259.6 |
403.0 |
-143.4 |
|
Electrical and electronic |
328.3 |
483.7 |
-155.4 |
|
equipment | |||
|
Motor vehicles |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Other manufacturing |
9.8 |
0.0 |
9.8 |
|
‘Core’ industrial sector |
664.1 |
1008.8 |
-344.7 |
|
Manufacturing sector |
2,943.8 |
2,410.5 |
533.3 |
|
Construction |
138.1 |
8.4 |
129.7 |
|
Wholesale and retail trade |
1,963.6 |
77.9 |
1,885.7 |
|
Tourism |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Transport and communication |
7.9 |
8.6 |
-0.7 |
|
Finance and insurance |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Real estate (incl. holdings) |
107.3 |
21.1 |
86.2 |
|
Miscellaneous |
0.2 |
47.3 |
-47.1 |
|
Non-manufacturing sector |
2,217.1 |
163.3 |
2,053.8 |
|
Total |
5,172.2 |
2,574.6 |
2,597.6 |
Source: Austrian National Bank
On the imports side we can see that nearly all intra-firm imports have been carried out by the
manufacturing sector (93.6%). Chemicals and petroleum are responsible for the largest part of these
imports (34.7%). Furthermore there are several industries which show considerable intra-firm imports:
Wood processing and in particular the ‘core’ industrial sector (metal products, mechanical products and
electrical and electronic equipment) display both intra-firm trade deficits. Out of these sectors only wood
20