Commuting in multinodal urban systems: An empirical comparison of three alternative models

Table 6         The relationship between the potential population and

employment density functions and actual distances (correlation
coefficients - R2)

Another reason for the failing of the basic concentrated model is, of course, that actual
behaviour of commuters does not satisfy the presuppositions of the model. Because the
monocentric model starts from rather rigid presuppositions, the removal of these, lowers the
degree of wastefulness and by this increases the level of explanation by the adapted model.
That all commuting is towards the centre is one of these presuppositions. Wastefulness should
be seen in a broader framework of ‘other factors’ which co-determine the locational choice
(Waddell 1993). If these are incorporated in a model which determines the minimal distance,
it is possible to increase its explanatory power. One such effort is the cross-traffic model.
This model makes room for traffic not - direct or indirect - oriented at the centre of the
urban region and is connected to the second main question of this article: is it possible to
adapt the basic model in such a way that it becomes more in accordance with the actual
behaviour of commuters?

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