Commuting in multinodal urban systems: An empirical comparison of three alternative models

framework of the basic urban model. In this way, subsequent steps for modelling new urban
polynodal systems, can be formulated.

The structure of this article is as follows: first it concentrates on the data and the
territorial division used. Next, the three theoretical models are elaborated: the basic model
starting from the concentration of employment, the model of deconcentrated employment
and the cross-traffic model. Then the models are compared with the actual commuter
behaviour in four large urban regions within the Randstad of the Netherlands: Amsterdam,
Rotterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht (see Dieleman & Musterd 1992; Cortie, et al, 1992;
Frieling, 1994). Finally, the results are evaluated. Answers are given to the questions whether
the basic model is still topical and, if not, if it can be adapted in such a way that it fits actual
commuting. Moreover indications about the next step in modelling the new urban structures
are proposed

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