The use of formal education in Denmark 1980-1992



10

The overall picture of the uses of education remained stable from 1980 til 1992 as can bee seen
from figure 3: People with further education produces goods and services for public
consumption (61% in 1980 and 58% in 1992), whereas they are less present in the export
sector (12% in 1980 and 14% 1992). Employed with no formal education are more equally
distributed: 28% and 29% produced for public purposes in 1980 and 1992 respectively,
whereas 27% and 28% produces goods and services for export in 1980 in 1992 respectively.

From 1980 to 1992 total employment in Denmark rose by 5,8%. Employment of people with
no formal education fell by 16,8% or 22,6 point less total employment. A similar distance to
average of 20 to 25 point goes for all four different final uses, as can be seen from figure 4. In
other words: The change in demand for goods and services from 1980 to 1992 in Denmark
were not specially biased against non-educated labour. The other side of the same coin of
course is, that employment of people with vocational and further education rose for all four
uses, least for public consumption and most for exports and private consumption. For groups
of people with further education this reflects a large increase in supply that could not find
traditional employment in the public sector and a partly new labour market for these groups
were created in the private sector producing for consumption and exports.

A more detailed picture of the specialization for different levels and types of formal education
can be found in figure 5. In the first part 23 different levels and types of education are sorted
according to the share of population employed due to public consumption. Most specialized
in production for public consumption are
school teachers: More than 80% of the total
population of teachers produced public service in 1980; all other “uses”: private consumption,
investment, export, unemployed and non active accounted together for less than 20%. The
share of teachers in public consumption fell slightly from 1980 to 1992, but the group
remained the most specialized.

Many types of further education are oriented toward specific tasks in the public sector. On
Short: Other in figure 5 comprises offices in public security and catering officers. Long:
Human
include high school teachers, professors and ministers of religion. Medium: Health are
trained nurses at bachelor level and
Long: Health are doctors and dentists. Short: Human
include kindergarten teachers. People with all these types of education are mainly employed



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