We can detected, also the subcontracting and competitive relationships in the groups of
companies. The last ones overlap it the first ones, for the 3 clusters, what can partially
be explained by the differentiation of the product which is not to be a basic aspect in the
companies (however cluster 3 presents greater % of companies with subcontracting,
44% for opposition the cluster 1=38% and cluster 2 = 42%).
4.2.3- Dynamic of collective learning
The knowledge mechanisms: collective learning and individual learning assume an
important role in the process of territorial innovation. The dynamics of collective
learning are important to make the territories more innovative, and according to De
Bernady (2000) it is related with continuity in time (mobility of the work force and
relationships between suppliers and consumers) and with dynamic synergies between
local actors (rotation of the work force; local innovation in cooperation with suppliers,
consumers and spin-off). Moreover, the accumulation of experiences, cultures and
savoir-faire made throughout decades, the tacit knowledge that is difficult to imitate and
to transmit and that it is a source of innovation and competitive advantage. But also
individual learning, continuous formation, permanent learning and creativity is
important, the work teams and the cognitive skill, therefore it increases the base of
individual knowledge and is important for the territories to become more innovative and
more competitive.
To analyse the dynamic of collective learning we will consider the answers of
companies relative to the existence of an effect of collective learning and diffusion of
savoir-faire in this region; to appeal of region for the qualification of the human
resources, for the training of the human resources and relative to the mobility of
employees within the company and the mobility of employees between companies of
the same sector and relative to the cooperation (formal or informal) with local suppliers
and consumers in region.
In what concerns the sensitivity of the entrepreneurs relative to existence of an effect of
collective learning and diffusion of savoir-faire (exchange of knowledge, cooperation
between agents and diffusion of innovations), the groups of companies previously
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