The name is absent



163

oxen households cultivated 16.4 hectares versus 5.8 hectares for nonoxen households in Southern
province. No significant difference was found in Eastern province, although a recent outbreak of
corridor disease may have affected oxen numbers; also, there is a higher incidence of oxen renting
by "non-oxen" households as defined.

B. Land improvements

Given that both study areas are similar in terms of rainfall, topography, and farming system,
it is not surprising that the
types of land improvements made by farmers are similar in the two areas.
Table 5.8 shows the percentage of households making various types of land improvements. For
convenience, the land improvements have been grouped loosely by purpose. For example, the various
earth construction investments (terracing, bunding, and ridging) have been placed next to one another
and an aggregate figure for "earthwork" is also provided.

Table 5.8: Percentage distribution of respondents by type of land improvement made

Type of improvement

Southern province

Eastern province

Terracing

5.0

4.1

Bunding

8.0

53.1

Ridging

20.0

1.0

Any earthwork

31.0

56.1

Well

31.0

35.7

Irrigation

1.0

12.2

Drainage

20.0

23.5

Any water improvement

44.0

48.0

Fertilizer

86.0

72.4

Liming

1.0

0.0

Other chemicals

38.0

16.3

Any chemical treatment

88.0

72.4

Manuring

51.0

42.9

Mulching

3.0

3.1

Any organic treatment

52.0

43.9

Fencing

22.0

28.6

There is a similar percentage of households in each province undertaking investments in all
water improvements, fencing, terracing, chemical fertilizer, liming, and organic treatments. Generally,
the use of chemical fertilizer is high, about half of respondents made a waterwork improvement, half
used organic manure, one-quarter had made some fencing improvements, and very few made
investments in terracing, mulching, or liming.



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