Source: own calculation

Only 7 countries of the 46 countries which were considered in both cluster analyses, are
losers in both, in the meat and the fruit/ vegetable market. Only 9 countries are winners
in both markets. 30 countries are winner in one market and loser in the other market.
Overall it can be seen, that the meat sector contains more losers than the vegetable
market. Only 4 countries are winners in the meat market while being loser in the fruit/
vegetable market. However, 26 countries are winners in the vegetable market while being
loser in the meat market. The cross- tabulation depicts nicely the different structures
and developments in the two sectors. While in the fruit/ vegetable sector the
participation of developing countries or even LDC countries tends to increase and many
small countries extended their market share the development of the meat sector tends
to go into a complete different direction. The participation of developing countries on
the market tends to decrease tremendously. Furthermore, the table shows the tendency
of developing countries to be specialised in their export market. The fact that out of the
sample of 46 countries only 9 countries are winners in both, the fruit/ vegetable and the
meat market underlines this impression.

6 Export performance and standards - some indicators?

In the former section the cluster analysis grouped countries according to their export
performance in the meat and the fruit/ vegetable sector. While some countries
performed well and expanded their exports at least in one of the two sectors other
countries lost their market share. Do countries which perform well rather show a low
rate of border rejections? Is higher STDF investment associated with better export
performance? Or is the money particularly invested in countries with a weak export
position? Can, at all, the number of rejections and STDF be interpreted as indicators of a
country’ s compliance with the importers’ demands?

First, the results of the cluster analysis are put in relation with the border rejections of
the EU and the US. Second, winner and loser groups are put in relation with the
investment of the STDF. It is analyzed whether the cluster groups show any similarities
within or differences between clusters.

Table 6: Border detentions of the cluster groups in the fruit and vegetable sector

^aMean EU border detentions for the years 2002- 2004, ^bUS border detentions for 2005/2006

Source: own calculation, with data from ^{[14, 15, 16, 20]}

Table 6 depicts the mean, minimum and maximum border rejections for each cluster in
the fruit/ vegetable sector. The table has to be interpreted carefully since it compares
(due to data constraints) two different timeframes of border rejections for the EU and
the US. Furthermore, rejections from the EU also include other product groups than

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