28
Lena Jacobi and Jochen Kluve
produced rich evidence giving the general impression that the effectiveness of
measures has modestly improved. The results, which are still preliminary at
the time being, indicate that the re-organisation of public employment
services was mainly successful, with the exception of the outsourcing of
services. Re-designing training programmes seems to have improved their ef-
fectiveness, while job creation schemes continue to be detrimental. Policy
measures such as the redesigned wage subsidies and start-up subsidies show
significantly positive effects. Thus, the new strategy, with more emphasis on
wage subsidies and start-up subsidies and less emphasis on training and public
job creation schemes, seems to be a promising mix of active labour market
policies, moving the German labour market in the right direction. It seems
clear, however, considering the continuing crisis of the German economy, that
further steps have to be taken.
References
Bender, S., A. Bergemann, B. Fitzenberger, M. Lechner, R. Miquel, S. Speckesser and
C. Wunsch (2005), Über die Wirksamkeit von FuU-Maβnahmen, Ein Evaluations-
versuch mit prozessproduzierten Daten aus dem IAB, Nürnberg. Beitrage zur
Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung 289. IAB, Nürnberg.
Bergemann, A. (2005), Do Job Creation Schemes Initiate Positive Dynamic Employ-
ment Effects? Department of Economics, Free University Amsterdam, mimeo.
Bergemann, A., B. Fitzenberger, B. Schultz and S. Speckesser (2000), Multiple Active
Labour Market Policy Participation in East Germany: An Assessment of Outcomes.
Beihefte der Konjunkturpolitik 2000:195-243.
Bergemann, A., B. Fitzenberger and S. Speckesser (2004), Evaluating the Dynamic
Employment Effects of Training Programmes in East Germany Using Conditional
Difference-in-Differences. ZEW Discussion Paper 04-41. ZEW, Mannheim.
Bundesregierung (2006), Die Wirksamkeit moderner Dienstleistungen am Arbeits-
markt - Bericht 2005 der Bundesregierung zur Wirkung der Umsetzung der Vor-
schlage der Kommission Moderne Dienstleistungen am Arbeitsmarkt (Ohne
Grundsicherung für Arbeitssuchende). Internet: www.bmas.bund.de/BMAS/
Redaktion/Pdf/hartz-evaluation-volltext,property=pdf,bereich=bmas,sprache=de,
rwb=true.pdf, downloaded 1.2.2006.
Caliendo, M., R. Hujer and S.L. Thomsen (2003), The Employment Effects of Job
Creation Schemes in Germany: A Microeconometric Evaluation. IZA Discussion
Paper 1512. IZA, Bonn.
Caliendo, M. and V. Steiner (2005), Aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik in Deutschland: Be-
standsaufnahme und Bewertung der mikrookonomischen Evaluationsergebnisse.
DIW Discussion Paper 515. DIW, Berlin.
Eichler, M. and M. Lechner (2002), An Evaluation of Public Employment Programs in
the East German State of Sachsen-Anhalt. Labour Economics 9: 143-186.
Engels, D. (2001), Abstand zwischen Sozialhilfe und anderem Arbeitseinkommen:
Neue Ergebnisse zu einer alten Kontroverse. Sozialer Fortschritt 2001 (3): 56-62.
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