The name is absent



Table A.83 Ad valorem equivalents (AVE) of transportation costs on US imports from
Venezuela
(AVEs in percent, imports in millions of US dollars)

GTAP
code

GTAP
sector

Circa

1980 AVE

1980
imports

Circa

2003 AVE

2003
imports

1

Paddy rice

0.083

0

18.3B

ND

2

Wheat

12.4J

ND

2.8J

ND

3

Cereal grains nec

31.7B

ND

6.4

0

4

Vegetables, fruit, nuts

57.0

0

34.9

2

5

Oil seeds

4.8

0

4.3

3

6

Sugar cane, sugar beet

72.8

0

4.98

ND

7

Plant-based fibers

25.0B

ND

14.199

0

8

Crops nec

3.6

12

4.9

13

9

Bovine cattle, sheep and goats

15.5

1

14.4

0

10

Animal products nec

14.8

0

16.9

0

12

Wool, silkworm cocoons

5.8B

ND

2.2B

ND

13

Forestry

12.9

3

64.5

0

14

Fishing

5.5

16

5.0

78

15

Coal

10.2B

ND

16.0

156

16

Oil

4.2

1,695

4.0

8,314

17

Gas

15.2

2

4.8

587

18

Minerals nec

0.4

19

22.5

5

19

Bovine meat products

40.1B

ND

2.3B

ND

20

Meat products nec

5.3B

ND

6.4

0

21

Vegetable oils and fats

24.3

0

58.6

0

22

Dairy products

5.3B

ND

10.0

0

23

Processed rice

20.3B86

ND

22.0B

ND

24

Sugar containing products

0.084

0

11.7

3

25

Food products nec

7.2

8

6.8

29

26

Beverages and tobacco products

13.2

0

10.1

4

27

Textiles

15.9

0

8.3

1

28

Wearing apparel

12.6

0

9.4

1

29

Leather products

16.3

0

8.5

0

30

Wood products

11.6

0

14.0

7

31

Paper products, publishing

8.1

1

12.1

8

32

Petroleum, coal products

4.6

3,364

6.0

1,699

33

Chemical, rubber, plastic products

13.7

1

6.0

1,525

34

Mineral products nec

13.4

2

26.7

108

35

Ferrous metals

21.0

108

8.6

268

36

Metals nec

3.5

8

2.8

341

37

Metal products

9.1

1

4.8

32

38

Motor vehicles and parts

11.0

6

4.3

162

39

Transport equipment nec

1.3

7

3.7

4

40

Electronic equipment

2.1

1

4.3

2

41

Machinery and equipment nec

6.2

4

5.2

26

42

Manufactures nec

1.2

3

1.5

18

Weighted average of AVEs

4.8

4.9

Total imports

5,261

13,398

ND = no data, 83

= 1983 rate, J = Japan rate, B = Brazil rate, B86 =

Brazil 1986 rate, 84 =

1984 rate, 8 =

crops not elsewhere classified (nec)

rate, 99 = 1999 rate

Notes: Ad valorem equivalents of transport costs are taken as the sum of transport charges divided by import values at the 5 digit SITC
revision 2 level under each GTAP code. Uncoded circa 1980 AVEs are the simple average of available AVE estimates from 1979, 1980, and
1981; likewise for the circa 2003 AVEs with available 2002, 2003, and 2004 estimates. A concordance between SITC revision 2 and GTAP
is derived from CEPII (2007). For duplicate SITC codes in the CEPII mapping the mode GTAP sector was used. Weighted averages are
weighted by shares of 1980 or 2003 imports; rates used to fill in missing data are not considered.

Source: Hummels (2007); authors' calculations.

131




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