30. Kane G.: Inner city alcoholism: an ecological analysis and cross-
cultural study. Human Services Press, New York, 1981.
31. Kiecolt-Glaser J., McGuier L., Robles T., and Glaser R.: Emotions,
morbidity, and mortality: new perspectives from psychoneuroimmunology,
Annual Review of Psychology, 53 (2002), 83-107.
32. Latkin C. Knowlton A., Hoover D., and Mandell W.: Drug network
characteristics as a predictor of cessation of drug use among adult injec-
tion drug users: a prospective study, American Journal of Drug and Alcohol
Abuse, 25 (1999), 463-473.
33. Lewontin R.: The Triple Helix: Gene, Organism and Environment,
Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2000.
34. Link B. and Phelan J.: Evaluating the fundamental cause explanation
for social disparities in health, in Handbook of Medical Sociology, Fifth ed.,
Bird C., Conrad P., and Fremont A. (eds.), Prentice-Hall, NJ, 2000.
35. Magnasco M. and Thaler D.: Changing the pace of evolution, Physics
Letters A, 221 (1996), 287-292.
36. McCauley L, 1993, Chaos, Dynamics and Fractals: an algorithmic
approach to deterministic chaos, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
UK.
37. Nunney L.: Lineage selection and the evolution of multistage carcino-
genesis, Proceedings of the London Royal Society, B, 266 (1999), 493-498.
38. O’Byrne K. and Dalgleish A.: Chronic immune activation and in-
flammation as the cause of malignancy, British Journal of Cancer, 85 (2001),
473-483.
39. Parker S., Davis K., Wingo P., Ries L., Health C.: Cancer statistics
by race and ethnicity, Canadian Cancer Journal 48 (1998), 31-49.
40. Pielou E.: Mathematical Ecology, John Wiley and Sons, New York,
1977.
41. Ridley M.: Evolution, Second Edition, Blackwell Science, Oxford,
UK, 1996.
42. Rojdestevenski I., and Cottam M.: Mapping statistical physics to
information theory with applications to biological systems, Journal of The-
oretical Biology, 202 (2000), 43-54.
43. Sarma A. and Schottenfeld D.: Prostate cancer incidence, mortality,
and survival trends in the United States,: 1981-2001, Seminars in Urological
Oncology, 20 (2002), 3-9.
44. Shavers V., Harlan L. and Stevens J.: Racial/ethnic variation in
clinical presentation, treatment, and survival among breast cancer patients
32