limb phenomena [26] and even such strange neuropsychological syndromes as the body
dysmorphia.
Neural models provide a new level of reasoning about brain diseases, level that cannot
be adequately described in the language of psychiatry or psychopharmacology [6]. They
show how difficult it is to draw conclusions about causal mechanisms if only behavior is
observed. Although there are many computer programs for neural simulations only very few
can be used for simulations of real memory processes. The situation is even worse on the
hardware side, although the first integrated circuits suitable for “neurophysiological” ex-
perimentations have recently been announced [8]. We are at the beginning of a long way
leading to understanding of pathologies of brain functions.
Acknowledgemnets
This paper is based on a talk that I gave in the Psychiatrische Klinik, Technische Uni-
versitat Munchen. I am grateful to dr. Barbara Romero of this clinic for many discussions
and her interest in theoretical speculations. I am also grateful to the Polish Committee of
Scientific Research, grant no. 8 T11F 014 14, for partial support of this research.
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