10
A.P. Kirilyuk
Nbase ≈3×109 is the experimentally determined number of smallest chemical elements
(“bases”) in the human genome. This strongly supports the above idea that the main part
of genome is playing the role of effective “interaction space” and only its smaller part
appears as relatively “condensed”, stable, coding gene sequences (also contributing to
omnipresent interaction links through various transmitting agents). The fact that
Ngenome ≥ NgeneNbase shows that interactions of each (average) gene involve, in one way
or another, any individual base and the reverse, any (average) base participates in every
gene operation. Such incredible wholeness of the huge system of genome interactions
can be realised only through the probabilistic fractal hierarchy of emerging system
realisations, in agreement with the detailed analysis of sections 2, 3. It is interesting that
for human genome and brain we have Nbrain = Nneuronnsyn ≈ NgeneNbase ≈ 1014 , which
confirms the symmetry of complexity [9-12] unifying the probabilistically developing
fractal of human organism dynamics into a single whole, from genome information
unfolding to the brain operation. We can apply the same, universal understanding of
fractal interaction dynamics and its exponentially high efficiency to other biological and
bio-inspired systems of particular interest today, such as neuron system dynamics and
its “higher” properties known as intelligence and consciousness [9,11], various aspects
of cell dynamics, artificial nanosystems [11], ecological and social systems, etc.
The probabilistically changing, fractal hierarchy of genome dynamics provides
also the necessary combination of relative stability of a species genome and its capacity
for rare evolutionary changes. The latter can now be causally understood as the largest,
most “coarse-grained” level of probabilistic realisation change at the level of whole
genome and organism dynamics. Such “global” changes are prepared by hidden
potentialities accumulated from all interactions in the genome-organism-environment
system and particularly “activated” in a “period of change” characterised by especially
heavy pressure of the environment and critically dominating defects of genome
dynamics. Those real potentialities for a future “big” change cannot appear as such
before the change and remain hidden somewhere in the exponentially large, fractally
involved space of genome interactions, thus ensuring the necessary (but always limited)
stability of species genome in a period between those big, evolutionary changes.
Therefore it becomes evident that empirically based artificial modifications of any
organism genome (related by a fractal interaction network to other organisms) will
produce absolutely unknown and unpredictable (but typically destructive) effect on
higher-level interactions that will appear in their explicitly observable form only during
the next period of “big” change, remaining until then hidden behind superficially
smooth “everyday” level of organism dynamics. That the “big change” will come
inevitably in an evolutionary short period of time follows from the same symmetry of
complexity, which leads to the causally substantiated conclusion about the
fundamentally limited life cycle of any system, including a biological species and its
ecological niche. It is determined by the complete transformation of system interaction
complexity from “potentialities” (dynamic information) to “reality” (dynamic entropy),
where characteristic, observable signs of approaching “bifurcation” can be predicted [9]
and correlate with a number of currently growing “criticality” features. The technically
powerful, but conceptually blind genetic experimentation of today can be compared in
this sense to charging of delayed-action “genetic bomb”, or G-bomb, another potential
weapons of mass destruction (though remaining unpredictable in details), where the
“charging” process has a transparent physical meaning of introducing additional,