The name is absent



Rectilinear Drawing


59


to be continuous in its arguments. The singular distributions
hitherto mentioned are of course not of this type.

One of the simplest possible types of two-parameter dis-
tributions, aside from the trivial case
f(s,φ)=l when
F(r, 0) = 2τr, is that in which /(ʃ) =0 for ʃd and f(s) =k
for ʃ > 1 (fig. 5).

Here it is readily found from (1) that the corresponding
density function is
0 for
r < 1

F(r, θ) =


,,/11 . -11∖ c .

4τr⅛(-— sin - for r>l.

∏ —    Olll

2 7Γ r


When rectilinear erasures are not allowed (First Problem)
f must be positive or zero everywhere; if we allow rectilinear
erasures after the drawing has been made (Second Problem),
the restriction that / is of one sign is abandoned; and if we
allow only a single uniform erasure (Third Problem), we are
interested in the positive solutions /(ʃ, <p) obtained when
F(r, 0) is increased by a suitable positive constant.

4. THE SYMMETRIC CASE

A very interesting special case is that in which the den-
sity function F(r, 0) depends merely on the distance from
a fixed point, say the origin
O, so that F(r, 0) = F(F) with
F( — r) =F(F). This will be called the symmetric case for
obvious reasons; the case just specified is of this type. It is
natural to conjecture that in the symmetric case we may
restrict attention to two-parameter distribution functions
f(s, φ) of like symmetric type:/(r, φ) =f(s) with/(—ʃ) ≈f(s),
i.e., corresponding to lines equally distributed in all direc-
tions about the origin.

The fact that we need only consider distribution functions
of this symmetric type may be proved as follows.

Suppose first that a поп-symmetrical continuous dis-



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