Table 11: Summary of projection results
Scenario I: Increase avg. performance __________O)___________ |
Scenario II: Bring each country to Finish level ______æ_______ |
Scenario III: _____æ______ | |
“Endogenous-growth” specification | |||
in billion $ |
123,108 |
275,429 |
226,333 |
in o∕o of discounted future GDP______ |
___________________6.2o∕o______________________ |
__________________________13.8o∕o___________________________ |
____________________ll,3o∕o_______________________ |
“Neoclassical” specification | |||
in billion $ |
90,031 |
179,655 |
187,191 |
in % of discounted future GDP |
___________________4.3o∕o______________________ |
__________________________8.5o∕o___________________________ |
_____________________8.9o∕o________________________ |
Notes'. Discounted value of future increases in OECD GDP until 2090, expressed in billion $ (PPP) and as percentage of discounted value of all annual projected OECD
GDPs until 2090.
Source: Authors’ calculations.
Table 12: Educational spending and student achievement
PISA 2000 PISA 2003 PISA 2006 FD FE
Sample: |
all |
exp>S25,000 |
all |
exp>S25,000 |
all |
exp>S25,000 |
all |
all |
(ɪ) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
(?) |
(8) | |
Expenditure per student |
1.079 |
0.069 |
0.670 |
0.203 |
0.697 |
0.097 |
-0.260 |
-0.125 |
(2.76) |
(0-13) |
(2.06) |
(0.58) |
(2.70) |
(0.33) |
(0.44) |
(0.35) | |
No. of countries |
24 |
19 |
26 |
23 |
28 |
25 |
23 |
29 (78) |
R2 (adj.)____________________ |
0.224 |
-0.058 |
0.114 |
-0.031 |
0.189 |
-0.039 |
-0.038 |
0.027 |
Notes: Dependent variable: PISA math test score. Expenditure per student = cumulative expenditure on educational institutions per student between age 6 and 15,
measured in 1,000 US dollars, converted by purchasing power parities. Sample: all = all OECD countries with available data; exp>S25,000 = countries with cumulative
expenditure per student above $25,000. FD = fist differences, 2006-2000. FE = fixed effects, pooling all three PISA tests, model contains time dummies (A2 of FE model
refers to within/?2), /-statistics in parentheses.
Source: Authors’ calculations based on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2003, 2004, 2007).
More intriguing information
1. The Shepherd Sinfonia2. The name is absent
3. Explaining Growth in Dutch Agriculture: Prices, Public R&D, and Technological Change
4. The name is absent
5. The East Asian banking sector—overweight?
6. Measuring Semantic Similarity by Latent Relational Analysis
7. The name is absent
8. ROBUST CLASSIFICATION WITH CONTEXT-SENSITIVE FEATURES
9. The name is absent
10. Education as a Moral Concept