Table 11: Summary of projection results
|
Scenario I: Increase avg. performance __________O)___________ |
Scenario II: Bring each country to Finish level ______æ_______ |
Scenario III: _____æ______ | |
|
“Endogenous-growth” specification | |||
|
in billion $ |
123,108 |
275,429 |
226,333 |
|
in o∕o of discounted future GDP______ |
___________________6.2o∕o______________________ |
__________________________13.8o∕o___________________________ |
____________________ll,3o∕o_______________________ |
|
“Neoclassical” specification | |||
|
in billion $ |
90,031 |
179,655 |
187,191 |
|
in % of discounted future GDP |
___________________4.3o∕o______________________ |
__________________________8.5o∕o___________________________ |
_____________________8.9o∕o________________________ |
Notes'. Discounted value of future increases in OECD GDP until 2090, expressed in billion $ (PPP) and as percentage of discounted value of all annual projected OECD
GDPs until 2090.
Source: Authors’ calculations.
Table 12: Educational spending and student achievement
PISA 2000 PISA 2003 PISA 2006 FD FE
|
Sample: |
all |
exp>S25,000 |
all |
exp>S25,000 |
all |
exp>S25,000 |
all |
all |
|
(ɪ) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
(?) |
(8) | |
|
Expenditure per student |
1.079 |
0.069 |
0.670 |
0.203 |
0.697 |
0.097 |
-0.260 |
-0.125 |
|
(2.76) |
(0-13) |
(2.06) |
(0.58) |
(2.70) |
(0.33) |
(0.44) |
(0.35) | |
|
No. of countries |
24 |
19 |
26 |
23 |
28 |
25 |
23 |
29 (78) |
|
R2 (adj.)____________________ |
0.224 |
-0.058 |
0.114 |
-0.031 |
0.189 |
-0.039 |
-0.038 |
0.027 |
Notes: Dependent variable: PISA math test score. Expenditure per student = cumulative expenditure on educational institutions per student between age 6 and 15,
measured in 1,000 US dollars, converted by purchasing power parities. Sample: all = all OECD countries with available data; exp>S25,000 = countries with cumulative
expenditure per student above $25,000. FD = fist differences, 2006-2000. FE = fixed effects, pooling all three PISA tests, model contains time dummies (A2 of FE model
refers to within/?2), /-statistics in parentheses.
Source: Authors’ calculations based on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2003, 2004, 2007).