Table 1: Definition and source of variables
|
Label |
Description |
Source |
|
Dependent variables | ||
|
Primary/Student |
Primary education expenditures per student di- |
UNESCO Institute for |
|
Secondary/Student |
Secondary education expenditures per student di- |
UNESCO Institute for |
|
Tertiary/Student |
Tertiary education expenditures per student di- |
UNESCO Institute for |
|
Control variables and instruments | ||
|
Total/Student |
Total education expenditures per student divided |
UNESCO Institute for |
|
Globalization |
KOF index of globalization |
Dreher (2006) |
|
Population |
Population size |
Penn World Table 6.3 |
|
Gov. share |
Government expenditures as share of GDP |
Penn World Table 6.3 |
|
GDP p. c. |
(real) GDP per capita |
Penn World Table 6.3 |
|
Ideology |
Index of government ideology with respect to eco- |
Own calculation based |
|
Aid |
Development aid /GDP |
World Development In- |
|
Primary enrollment |
Gross enrollment rate in primary education |
World Development In- |
|
Secondary enrollment |
Gross enrollment rate in secondary education |
World Development In- |
|
Tertiary enrollment |
Gross enrollment rate in tertiary education |
World Development In- |
|
Primary pop. |
School age population - Primary, as share of total |
UNESCO Institute for |
|
Secondary pop. |
School age population - Secondary, as share of to- |
UNESCO Institute for |
|
Tertiary pop. |
School age population - Tertiary, as share of total |
UNESCO Institute for |
|
Additional dependent variables for | ||
|
Primary/ Total edu. |
Primary education expenditures as share of total |
UNESCO Institute for |
|
Secondary/Total edu. |
Secondary education expenditures as share of total |
UNESCO Institute for |
|
Tertiary/Total edu. exp. |
Tertiary education expenditures as share of total |
UNESCO Institute for |