Globalization, Redistribution, and the Composition of Public Education Expenditures

Table 1: Definition and source of variables

Label	Description	Source
	Dependent variables
Primary/Student	Primary education expenditures per student di- vided by GDP per capita	UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Secondary/Student	Secondary education expenditures per student di- vided by GDP per capita	UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Tertiary/Student	Tertiary education expenditures per student di- vided by GDP per capita	UNESCO Institute for Statistics
	Control variables and instruments
Total/Student	Total education expenditures per student divided by GDP per capita	UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Globalization	KOF index of globalization	Dreher (2006)
Population	Population size	Penn World Table 6.3
Gov. share	Government expenditures as share of GDP	Penn World Table 6.3
GDP p. c.	(real) GDP per capita	Penn World Table 6.3
Ideology	Index of government ideology with respect to eco- nomic policy, left-wing=1, else 0	Own calculation based on DPI 2006 Dataset (Beck et al., 2001)
Aid	Development aid /GDP	World Development In- dicators
Primary enrollment	Gross enrollment rate in primary education	World Development In- dicators
Secondary enrollment	Gross enrollment rate in secondary education	World Development In- dicators
Tertiary enrollment	Gross enrollment rate in tertiary education	World Development In- dicators
Primary pop.	School age population - Primary, as share of total population	UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Secondary pop.	School age population - Secondary, as share of to- tal population	UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Tertiary pop.	School age population - Tertiary, as share of total population	UNESCO Institute for Statistics
	Additional dependent variables for sensitivity analysis
Primary/ Total edu. exp.	Primary education expenditures as share of total education expenditures (logit transformation)	UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Secondary/Total edu. exp.	Secondary education expenditures as share of total education expenditures (logit transformation)	UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Tertiary/Total edu. exp.	Tertiary education expenditures as share of total education expenditures (logit transformation)	UNESCO Institute for Statistics

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