Table 2: Globalization and education expenditures in 1999-2006, Baseline models
Primary |
Secondary |
Tertiary | ||||||||||
FE 1 |
FE 2 |
IV |
IV & CL |
FE 1 |
FE 2 |
IV |
IV & CL |
FE 1 |
FE 2 |
IV |
IV & CL | |
Education exp. |
0.676*** |
0.677*** |
0.278* |
0.278 |
1.081*** |
1.080*** |
1.862*** |
1.862*** |
5.198*** |
5.183*** |
3.345 |
3.345 |
(12.184) |
(12.181) |
(1.757) |
(1.349) |
(9.603) |
(9.560) |
(4.105) |
(3.370) |
(3.582) |
(3.580) |
(1.247) |
(0.993) | |
Population |
-0.011 |
-0.010 |
-0.047** |
-0.047* |
0.022 |
0.021 |
0.095* |
0.095 |
0.203 |
0.198 |
0.015 |
0.015 |
(-1.057) |
(-1.018) |
(-2.281) |
(-1.785) |
(1.579) |
(1.552) |
(1.826) |
(1.553) |
(1.046) |
(1.015) |
(0.034) |
(0.029) | |
Gov. share |
-0.003 |
0.004 |
0.052 |
0.052 |
-0.078 |
-0.087 |
-0.168 |
-0.168 |
-3.234 |
-3.309 |
-3.132 |
-3.132 |
(-0.042) |
(0.061) |
(0.698) |
(0.592) |
(-0.575) |
(-0.637) |
(-1.015) |
(-0.853) |
(-1.379) |
(-1.397) |
(-1.388) |
(-1.171) | |
GDP p. c. |
0.186* |
0.164 |
0.173 |
0.173 |
0.439** |
0.465** |
0.503* |
0.503 |
-1.344 |
-1.119 |
-1.072 |
-1.072 |
(1.727) |
(1.573) |
(1.360) |
(1.102) |
(2.038) |
(2.140) |
(1.715) |
(1.345) |
(-0.516) |
(-0.437) |
(-0.415) |
(-0.342) | |
Ideology |
-0.029 |
-0.028 |
-0.156 |
-0.156 |
-0.058 |
-0.060 |
0.096 |
0.096 |
3.315 |
3.303 |
2.811 |
2.811 |
(-0.113) |
(-0.111) |
(-0.596) |
(-0.542) |
(-0.110) |
(-0.113) |
(0.171) |
(0.135) |
(0.966) |
(0.977) |
(0.853) |
(0.967) | |
Globalization |
0.161** |
-0.088 |
-0.097 |
-0.097 |
-0.124 |
0.168 |
0.194 |
0.194 |
-2.642** |
-0.141 |
-0.205 |
-0.205 |
(2.521) |
(-1.279) |
(-1.237) |
(-1.214) |
(-1.228) |
(1.285) |
(1.155) |
(0.919) |
(-1.972) |
(-0.178) |
(-0.257) |
(-0.228) | |
Glob. × Dev. |
0.277*** |
0.273*** |
0.273*** |
-0.325* |
-0.283 |
-0.283 |
-2.783** |
-2.945** |
-2.945** | |||
(3.273) |
(2.944) |
(2.846) |
(-1.816) |
(-1.463) |
(-1.215) |
(-2.050) |
(-2.053) |
(-1.976) | ||||
Glob, at Dev=I |
0.189*** |
0.176** |
0.176** |
-0.156 |
-0.090 |
-0.090 |
-2.924** |
-3.149* |
-3.149* | |||
N |
448 |
448 |
445 |
445 |
448 |
448 |
436 |
436 |
445 |
445 |
443 |
443 |
F |
27.142 |
25.611 |
13.031 |
7.248 |
26.455 |
25.244 |
10.461 |
8.468 |
5.947 |
5.570 |
5.433 |
3.239 |
RMS error |
1.334 |
1.323 |
1.536 |
1.536 |
2.480 |
2.472 |
2.930 |
2.930 |
30.816 |
30.765 |
31.052 |
31.052 |
Overidentification test |
0.992 |
0.996 |
0.334 |
0.518 |
0.169 |
0.394 | ||||||
Relevance test |
0.001 |
0.095 |
0.040 |
0.319 |
0.001 |
0.144 |
1 Stars indicate significance levels at 10% (*), 5% (**) and 1%(***)
2 !-statistics in parentheses
3 Cross-section and year fixed effects included in all models
4 The marginal effect of globalization in developing countries is reported in the row entitled Glob, at Dev=I
5 The p-values for the overidentification and relevance tests are reported at the bottom of the table
More intriguing information
1. The name is absent2. The name is absent
3. WP 92 - An overview of women's work and employment in Azerbaijan
4. Human Rights Violations by the Executive: Complicity of the Judiciary in Cameroon?
5. Outline of a new approach to the nature of mind
6. The name is absent
7. The name is absent
8. The name is absent
9. Picture recognition in animals and humans
10. Income Growth and Mobility of Rural Households in Kenya: Role of Education and Historical Patterns in Poverty Reduction