The name is absent



Table 2a

Party Structure, type of governments and electoral rules
OLS and instrumental variable estimates in 1990s cross section

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Dep. Var.

party_frag

nparties

coalition

single

ngov

coalition

single

ngov

party_frag

2.01

-2.78

(0.71)***

(0.50)***

nparties

0.25

(0.10)**

maj

-0.12

-2.10

-0.16

0.42

0.08

(0.05)**

(1.31)

(0.23)

(0.17)**

(0.85)

semi

-0.22

-3.76

0.32

-0.28

0.98

(0.09)**

(2.23)*

(0.22)

(0.10)***

(1.03)

district

0.11

3.20

0.66

-0.30

2.22

(0.07)

(1.56)**

(0.26)**

(0.19)

(1.15)*

threshold

0.00

-0.39

0.03

-0.01

-0.09

(0.01)

(0.16)**

(0.03)

(0.02)

(0.12)

bicam

0.23

-0.11

0.06

0.15

-0.01

0.28

(0.10)**

(0.09)

(0.33)

(0.11)

(0.08)

(0.24)

investiture

-0.16

0.95

-0.08

0.84

(0.21)

(0.84)

(0.12)

(0.35)**

constructive

0.47

-0.04

0.53

0.19

(0.14)***

(0.77)

(0.10)***

(0.33)

Over-id

7.91(3)**

4.33(3)

4.52(3)

Estimation

OLS

OLS

OLS

OLS

OLS

2SLS

2SLS

2SLS

Adj.R-sq.

0.47

0.44

0.39

0.51

0.22

N. Obs.

52

52

47

47

47

47

47

47

Robust standard errors in parentheses; * significant at 10%; ** significant at 5%; *** significant at 1%

Controls included in all OLS specifications, cols (1)-(5): avelf, lpop, col_uka

Second-stage variables in 2SLS regressions, cols (6)-(8): avelf, lpop, col_uka, bicam, investiture, constructive

First-stage variables in the 2SLS specifications: maj, semi, district, threshold, and all second-stage variables

Over-id is Hansen’s J test statistic of the over-identifying restriction implied by the electoral rule variables having no direct effect on the type government;
critical values at 5% significance 7.81, cols (6)-( 8)



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