are defined. Additionally, it was noted that certain nets, boats, and outside fishers need a
permit, and that there is a ban on the use of destructive gears.
3. Fair distribution of means of production
Distribution of the means of production is seen to be fairer now than in the past, and this is
expected to continue to improve. In Seri, 13 people stated that the numbers of fishing gears
increased as the result of increased efforts and competition. They explained that peoples’ incomes
improved and more people are fishing, so the spread of gears is wider. The strong market position
of Seri and an improved transport system also contributed positively to this trend.
4. Income distribution
On an average, the level of economic disparities has remained the same, but opinions were
varied. Personal efforts and motivation were mentioned by some people to explain why economic
levels have become more equal. Others mentioned the same factors as the reason why differences
increased. People also perceived heightened competition and an uneven spread of capital.
14.8.2 Efficiency
5. Communal decision-making
Partnership in fisheries decision-making has remained the same. Nearly half of the fishers
perceived conditions to be static. The style of decision-making in the village is seen by most
fishers as being a process of common or majority agreement. This may be a result of the
respected and legitimate leadership of the dusun head. Although he plays the key role in
decision-making, the needs of the people prevail. However, a third of the respondents felt
excluded and complained that “people are never heard”. They do suggest ideas in village
meetings, but the suggestions are rarely implemented or agreed upon. One example was about
the pollution caused by the wood factory in the neighboring village. The fishers complained
but the government did not handle the problem.
Nearly all respondents agreed that all stakeholders should be involved in decision-making.
Of the respondents, 93% felt that local groups already had a role in decision-making, but only
31% said that outsiders were involved. This number is significantly higher than in the other
villages, possibly because our sample included some commercial fishers that do have an
influence on village affairs as well as commercial links to the outside.
6. Ease of entry (costs)
Due to increased costs, entry into the fishery is perceived to be significantly more difficult
than in the past. Fishers expect costs to continue to rise in the future. Reasons given are: 1)
taxes, 2) larger investments in gears and boats, and 3) increased fuel costs because fishers
have to go out further to reach productive fishing grounds.
7. Control over access to marine resources
Control over access by the village over the fishery has not changed significantly. There are no
fisheries regulations in place, and there is no enforcing agent. Artisanal fishers and villagers
can fish freely, while outsiders have to pay a “voluntary” contribution. Over half of the fishers
agreed that fisheries rules should be changed.
Dusun Seri, Desa Urimesing, Ambon Island 191