Table 15.2. Results of the performance analysis in Hutumuri-Toisapu. n=30 heads of fishing households.
ns=trend not significant; *=p<0.05, **=p<0.01, ***=p<0.001.
|
Indicator |
Average |
Average change |
Average future | ||
|
Equity | |||||
|
1. Role of fishers in management |
5.50 |
-0.6333ns |
-6% |
-0.2333ns |
-2% |
|
2. Access to marine resources |
8.30 |
-0.8667** |
-9% |
-0.9000** |
-9% |
|
3. Fair distribution of fishing gears |
7.10 |
1.7333*** |
+17% |
0.9667** |
+10% |
|
4. Economic equality |
6.57 |
0.3667ns |
+4% |
0.3333ns |
+3% |
|
Efficiency | |||||
|
5. Communal decision-making |
6.30 |
0.4000ns |
+4% |
0.1000ns |
+1% |
|
6. Ease of entry into the fishery |
6.33 |
-2.2667*** |
-23% |
-1.0667*** |
-11% |
|
7. Control over access to fishery |
6.43 |
-0.4000ns |
-4% |
-0.0666ns |
-0.7% |
|
8. Compliance with fishery rules |
6.63 |
-1.6333*** |
-16% |
-1.3333*** |
-13% |
|
Social Sustainability | |||||
|
9. Family well-being |
6.20 |
-0.8000ns |
-8% |
-0.6000ns |
-6% |
|
10. Income |
6.80 |
1.4333** |
+14% |
0.7333* |
+7% |
|
11. Tradition of collective action |
6.37 |
-1.6000** |
-16% |
-1.0000** |
-10% |
|
12. Discussion of village issues |
7.30 |
-0.5000ns |
-5% |
-0.4000ns |
-4% |
|
13. Community harmony |
5.70 |
-2.2333*** |
-22% |
-0.9333*** |
-9% |
|
Biological sustainability | |||||
|
14. Marine resource health |
5.00 |
-3.7000*** |
-37% |
-2.0667*** |
-21% |
|
15. Fish catch |
5.27 |
-3.5333*** |
-35% |
-2.1333*** |
-21% |
Most Hutumuri-Toisapu villagers are originally farmers but their increasing dependency on
the fishery due to the drop in clove prices, the drought and current economic crisis, brings
these issues clearly to light. The entrance of Baguala Bay appears blocked with lift nets and
few are owned by locals. The fishers are not able to compete with urban entrepreneurs because
they lack capital (a lift net costs over a Rp100 million or ±USD35,000, 1997 exchange rate).
Locals have to fish outside the bay currently because it is polluted and because hardly any
fish are able to actually get in when their way is physically blocked.
The economic position of Hutumuri-Toisapu fishers is, compared to other villages in central
Maluku, relatively good. Hutumuri has the advantage that it is close to Passo and the city of
Ambon where the main markets are. There is a good transportation system and it is easy for
people to sell their products. A clear indicator was given by the church minister who explained
that in most villages in Maluku, people donate only a few hundred rupiahs after the service,
while in Hutumuri people can donate more than ten thousand rupiahs. However, although
the economic indicator scores high, the present situation is deteriorating, and Hutumuri-
Toisapu villagers are negative and have a bleak outlook on the future.
However, local fishers have some ideas and initiatives to improve the situation. They want to
establish a management system and strengthen their market position by working through
the village cooperative (KUD). They organized meetings with the village head to discuss the
possibility of zoning the fishing grounds into parts for local fishers, outsiders and aquaculture
as well indicating some otherwise restricted area. The village head grasps this opportunity to
re-institutionalize adat institutions such as the kewang. He also wants to reorganize the village
government in such a way that the adat positions are represented and functional. This works
Dusun Toisapu, Desa Hutumuri, Ambon Island 211