Does adult education at upper secondary level influence annual wage earnings?



Table 6 Estimation results of a year in adult education, defined as Credits
attained / 500.

Dependent variable: log annual wage earnings 1990-2001

Males/Females

Compulsory school

2-year upper secondary

3-year upper secondary

M__

F__

M__

F__

M__

F

Total sample

.148***

.097***

.051***

.051***

- .059*

.083***

(.0303)

(.0254)

(.0141)

(.0138)

(.0348)

(.0322)

NTOT / NAE

4427/923

3165/1419

19564/3226

12172/4336

4019/827

4744/1587

Earnings

.128***

.102***

.076***

.095***

- .074*

.015

> 100000

(.0326)

(.0306)

(.0150)

(.0156)

(.0383)

(.0369)

NTOT / NAE

4101/597

2411/664

18803/2464

10793/2956

3715/523

4080/923

With UBS

.066

.065**

.012

.049***

- .110

.126*

(.0430)

(.0320)

(.0189)

(.0177)

(.0764)

(.0732)

NTOT / NAE

3676/171

2179/432

16946/606

9174/1336

3222/30

3213/56

No UBS

.232***

.167***

.091***

.054***

- .046

.078**

(.0409)

(.0371)

(.0203)

(.0206)

(.0399)

(.0355)

NTOT / nae

4256/752

2733/987

18958/2620

10836/3000

3989/797

4688/1531

Note I:       ***Significant at the 1 % level. **at the 5 % level   *at the 10 % level.

Note II: NTOT / NAE report total number of individuals and the number with AE.

The estimates in Table 6 reflect improvements in both wages and in employ-
ment. Antelius and Bjorklund (2000), using data from the Swedish Level of
Living Survey, found estimates of educational attainment on earnings to be-
come similar to the estimates on hourly wage earnings when excluding all ob-
servations on annual earnings below SEK 100,000. If this condition is applied
in the above setting, the coefficients (not displayed) in the first four columns
become insignificantly different from zero, suggesting that the results foremost
reflect employment effects. The effects of those with a three-year upper secon-
dary education become significantly negative for both males (- .083) and fe-
males (- .049).

One explanation to some of the relatively high percentage estimates is that
the credits here are only counted, course by course, if it is confirmed that the
individual earned a passing grade. There are usually no such demands on a

IFAU - Does adult education at upper secondary level influence annual wage earnings?

27




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