To extend the analysis, a rudimentary check of the importance of the subjects
studied is made by conditioning on the sample of AE participants to have a
passing grade in a certain subject. It means that the samples are reduced, some-
times substantially, so this analysis is only made for those with a prior two-year
upper secondary school. Table 6 contains results from these regressions and
subjects that are traditionally seen as general human capital are not associated
with any significantly positive effects, except females with a passing grade in
“general subjects”. These are instead found for subjects that are more specific,
such as computer science and health related subjects. Significant and positive
effects are also found for behavioural sciences but this may be driven by its
rather broad definition which makes it three times as common with a passing
grade also in a health related subject. The results suggest that in the context of
lifelong learning, general human capital improvements do not have a monetary
payoff but is best thought of as preparatory for higher studies. It is possible that
general knowledge has a weaker payoff to individuals drawn from the lower
half of the income or productivity distribution.
Table 8 Payoff to AE participants with a prior two-year upper secondary school,
conditioning on passes in various subjects.
Dependent variable: log annual wage earnings 1990-2001. |
Females | |||
Males | ||||
S.E. |
Nae |
S.E. |
Nae | |
Maths (M) |
- .020 (.0188) |
987 - .010 |
(.0200) |
1,401 |
Swedish (S) |
- .001 (.0200) |
821 - .025 |
(.0195) |
1,501 |
English (E) |
.016 (.0190) |
957 - .031 |
(.0198) |
1,545 |
M S E |
- .044 * (.0237) |
457 - .042 |
* (.0236) |
859 |
Natural sciences |
- .002 (.0249) |
616 - .018 |
(.0255) |
863 |
Computer science |
.030 * (.0162) |
1,095 .054 |
*** (.0157) |
1,755 |
Behav. Sciences |
.087 *** (.0288) |
228 .158 |
*** (.0212) |
638 |
Human sciences |
.064 * (.0366) |
170 - .022 |
(.0338) |
409 |
Health, nursing |
.130 *** (.0311) |
176 .136 |
*** (.0195) |
768 |
General subjects |
.005 (.0162) |
1,312 .053 |
*** (.0148) |
2,308 |
Vocational ______ |
- .008 (.0261) |
345 .002 |
(.0346) |
350 |
Note 1∙ “Significant at the 1 % level. |
**at the 5 % level *at the 10 % level. | |||
Note II: Standard errors |
within parentheses. NAE |
report the number of AE participants. |
IFAU - Does adult education at upper secondary level influence annual wage earnings?
31