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Contents

Page

I.      Introduction                                                                            1

II.    Why Global Taxes?                                                          2

1.     Intragenerational and Intergenerational perspectives                         3

2.     The atmosphere as an illustration of a global resource                      4

III.    Schemata to Illustrate the Constraining Influence of a Global Factor               6

IV.    Global Environmental Taxes                                                 10

1.     A Pigouvian global tax on airlines and shipping                           11

2.     International tradeable permits?                                           12

3. ^ A global carbon tax                                                       15

a.     Appropriate tax base                                               15

b.     Indicators of growth in energy consumption                      15

c.     The case for a minimum global carbon tax                      16

V. International Financial Transactions as a Global Tax Base                       18

1.      Efficiency issues                                                              18

2.     Impact on market volatility                                                19

3.     Distribution and incidence effects                                         19

4.     Revenue productivity                                                   19

5.     Design and implementation                                           20

VI. Issues in International Law and Tax Administration                             21

1.      International law and treaties                                                21

2.     Administration and implementation                                    23

VII. Concluding Remarks                                                     24

Diagrams 1, 2, and 3                                                                8

Diagrams 4, 5, and 6                                                               14

References                                                                        26

Annex Draft Agenda for U.N. Meeting on "New and Innovative Sources of

Financing Development" and List of Participants                           29

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