Corporate Taxation and Multinational Activity



Ii =


Gi

WSi + WLi '


(18)


Under the assumption that public infrastructure reduces the fixed factor
requirement of firms headquartered in a given country, the fixed costs of setting
up a national firm in country
i are

FCn _ 2wSi + wLi
FCi = (Ii + 1)β ,

(19)


where β > 0 is a scaling parameter. Similarly, the fixed costs for horizontal
and vertical multinationals are then reduced by the public infrastructure in the
relevant country

FC h = (2 + θ ) wSi + wLi . (1+ Y ) wLj

(20)

(21)


Ci           ( Ii + 1)β     + ( Ij + 1)β

FC v = (2 + θ ) wSi , (1+ Y ) wLj

FCi        (Ii + 1)β + (Ij + 1)β

3.4 Model parameterization

Due to the non-linearities and the numerous possible corner solutions, an an-
alytical solution of the model is infeasible (see Markusen and Venables, 1998,
2000; Markusen, 2002). Therefore, we derive the empirically testable hypothe-
ses of interest by means of numerical simulation, using the following parameter
values. World factor endowments are set at
L = 200 and K = 50. a = 0 9 for
the skilled labor coefficient in the CES technology of
Z. The production of the
differentiated
X-good is relatively more skilled labor intensive with fixed input
coefficient of
aLX = 0 75 and aSX = 0 25 (see Markusen, 2002). We parame-
terize the additional effort of transferring knowledge abroad with
θ = 0 1 and
the additional resources required for setting up a plant abroad with
γ = 0 1.
According to the United Nation’s World Trade Database, the share of man-
ufacturing goods trade in the 1990s is about 70 to 80 percent of total trade.
Therefore, we assume an expenditure share for manufactures of
μ = 0 8. We
consider
σ = 4 as value for the elasticity of substitution, which is close to the
one usually applied in the knowledge-capital literature (see Markusen, 2002).
Trade costs are assumed to be high with
τ = 0 25 being in line with Carr,
Markusen, and Maskus (2001). Finally, the elasticity of substitution in the
production of the homogeneous good is (1
/(1 - ρ)) = 3.

Concerning the public sector, we initially set the corporate tax rates sym-

11



More intriguing information

1. Crime as a Social Cost of Poverty and Inequality: A Review Focusing on Developing Countries
2. Consumption Behaviour in Zambia: The Link to Poverty Alleviation?
3. CAPACITAÇÃO GERENCIAL DE AGRICULTORES FAMILIARES: UMA PROPOSTA METODOLÓGICA DE EXTENSÃO RURAL
4. The name is absent
5. MULTIMODAL SEMIOTICS OF SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCES: REPRESENTING BELIEFS, METAPHORS, AND ACTIONS
6. Industrial districts, innovation and I-district effect: territory or industrial specialization?
7. Auctions in an outcome-based payment scheme to reward ecological services in agriculture – Conception, implementation and results
8. Geography, Health, and Demo-Economic Development
9. The geography of collaborative knowledge production: entropy techniques and results for the European Union
10. SLA RESEARCH ON SELF-DIRECTION: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES