Passing the burden: corporate tax incidence in open economies



Appendix B: Measures of Openness and Their Effect on Gross Wage

Table B1: Openness Measures

(Exports + Imports)/

Warwick

Sachs-Warner

Chinn-Ito_____

GDP_____

Australia

1994

0.135

1

2.656628

39.31

Austria

1994

0.18

1

2.374504

73.4

1997

0.22

1

2.656628

85.24

2000

0.312

1

2.656628

101.22

Belgium

1985

0.365

1

0.64974

141.49

1988

0.355

1

0.64974

132.65

1992

0.56

1

2.656628

130.38

1995

0.376

1

2.656628

133.73

1997

0.478

1

2.374504

144.83

2000

0.917

1

2.374504

169.33

Denmark

1987

0.139

1

-0.05699

60.71

1992

0.197

1

2.656628

66.43

Finland

1995

0.142

1

2.656628

66.16

2000

0.275

1

2.656628

76.03

France

1984

0.174

1

-0.05699

46.95

1989

0.181

1

-0.05699

44.36

1994

0.172

1

2.656628

41.63

Germany

1984

0.174

1

57.27

1989

0.188

1

56.52

1994

0.175

1

46.84

2000

0.253

1

67.07

Greece

1995

0.116

1

-0.05699

42.56

2000

0.171

1

1.342698

57.91

Ireland

1994

0.247

1

2.09238

131.67

1995

0.268

1

2.374504

141.23

1996

0.267

1

2.656628

143.46

2000

0.949

1

2.656628

175.56

Italy

1986

0.138

1

-0.05699

38.38

1987

0.138

1

-0.05699

37.85

1989

0.147

1

-0.05699

39.54

1991

0.151

1

0.507263

37.11

1993

0.174

1

2.374504

41.26

1995

0.175

1

2.656628

50

1998

0.219

1

2.656628

49.36

2000

0.207

1

2.656628

55.59

Luxembourg

1997

222.25

2000

285.59

Mexico

1984

0.147

0

-1.22844

32.24

1989

0.151

1

-0.76088

38.06

1992

0.158

1

-0.05699

35.51

1994

0.156

1

1.246007

38.48

1996

0.187

1

1.246007

62.26

1998

0.184

1

1.246007

63.52

2000

0.188

1

1.246007

64.69

Netherlands

1983

0.229

1

2.656628

108.04

1991

0.238

1

2.656628

104.71

1994

0.228

1

2.656628

103.7

1999

0.418

1

2.656628

116.85

Norway

1986

0.164

1

-0.05699

72.85

1991

0.15

1

-0.05699

72.62

1995

0.148

1

1.528131

70.1

2000

0.224

1

2.656628

77.05

Poland

1995

0.17

1

48.39

Slovak Republic

1992

138.62

Spain

1990

0.144

1

-0.05699

35.6

1995

0.162

1

1.810255

45.39

2000

0.25

1

1.810255

62.22

Sweden

1992

0.145

1

1.246007

54.42

1995

0.208

1

2.09238

74.13

2000

0.254

1

2.656628

89.02

Switzerland

1992

0.211

1

67.87

United States

1979

1

2.656628

18.94

1986

0.153

1

2.656628

17.51

1991

0.157

1

2.656628

20.64

1994

0.163

1

2.656628

21.99

1997

0.179

1

2.656628

24.5

2000

0.187

1_____________

2.656628

_____________26.2

44



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