The Response of Ethiopian Grain Markets to Liberalization

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Level

First Differences

ADF

PP

ADF

PP

Addis - Bako

-2.58^c

-2.02

-9.08^a

-11.23^a

Addis - Bahir Dar

-1.57

-1.50

-8.02^a

-13.19^a

Dire Dawa - Addis

-4.61^a

-5.92^a

-11.14^a

-17.69^a

Dire Dawa - Bako

-3.37^b

-2.61^c

-9.59^a

-13.48^a

Dire Dawa - Bahir Dar

-2.33

-2.23

-9.41^a

-15.66^a

Dire Dawa - Hosaenna

-2.98^b

-2.81^c

-9.69^a

-14.18^a

Addis - Hosaenna

-2.45

-2.42

-8.50^a

-13.21^a

Mekele - Addis

-2.09

-1.81

-5.52^a

-^b 6.34^a

Mekele - Bako

-1.69

-1.26

-6.06^a

-6.34^a

Mekele - Bahir Dar

-1.62

-1.13

-4.85^a

-5.31^a

Mekele - Hosaenna

-1.27

-1.03

-5.40^a

-6.67^a__________