The Response of Ethiopian Grain Markets to Liberalization

Grain

Market

Level

First Differences

ADF

PP

ADF

PP

Maize

Bako

-2.21

-2.16

-7.06^a

-9.23^a

Addis Ababa

-2.82^c

-2.84^c

-8.57^a

-10.89^a

Dire Dawa

-2.34

-3.28^b

-9.10^a

-16.08^a

Jimma

-2.55

-2.81^c

-7.62^a

10.50^a

Shashemene

-2.44

-2.41

-11.16^a

11.71^a

Mekele

-4.28^a

-3.35^b

-7.90^a

-6.92^a

White Teff

Bako

-2.84^c

-2.53

-8.31^a

-10.37^a

Addis Ababa

-2.60^b

-2.67^c

-7.23^a

-10.02^a

Dire Dawa

-3.19^b

-3.67^a

-9.90^a

-15.05^a

Hosaenna

-2.37

-2.71^c

-7.79^a

-13.43^a

Bahir Dar

-1.64

-1.78

-7.25^a

-11.64^a

Mekele

-1.68

-1.30

-5.65^a

-5.85^a

White Wheat

Addis Ababa

-3.41^b

-3.30^b

11.64^a

-10.11^a

Dire Dawa

-3.24^b

-4.27^a

-10.79^a

-15.61^a

Hosaenna

-2.33

-2.00

-7.36^a

-8.96^a

Mekele

-1.62

-1.70

-6.19^a

-7.19^a