Staying on the Dole



Figure 2: Involuntary Unemployment

LTU                  STU                  Employed

invol. LTU        invol. STU


retrain), the present-biased value of life-time income becomes

T-τ

Vτ-ι(h, τ) = b(1 - θ)h - kτ-1 c e + β δs(1 - θ)
s=1


(1 - d)h +


(S‘ ■)


(13)


implying that they will retrain if

c < β(1 ττ.

(14)


(15)


They will not retrain if the costs of retraining fulfill

β<δτ <  ---< < δ>τ.

1-θ

If condition (15) holds, present-biased agents do not retrain when they lose eligibility for un-
employment benefits although they originally planned to use the STU spell to upgrade their
skills.

Figure 2 illustrates the consequences of a failed retraining episode depending on the worker’s
initial skill level. Because retraining was, in principle, worthwhile, failed retraining shifts life-
time income V
(h,τ) downwards. At the upper end of the education spectrum, between h'C
and hC , we find those workers who would have preferred to be employed had they known

19



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