Table 3b: Tests of Heterogeneity
|
Test(s) of heterogeneity: | |||||
|
Heterogeneity |
degrees of |
P |
I-squared** |
Tau-squared | |
|
Seyoum(2007) |
44.03 |
13 |
0.000 |
70.5% |
0.0854 |
|
Giovannetti and Sanfilippo (2009) |
11.98 |
21 |
0.940 |
0.0% |
0.0000 |
|
Nouve (2005) |
8.57 |
15 |
0.899 |
0.0% |
0.0000 |
|
Collier and Venables (2007) |
0.48 |
8 |
1.000 |
0.0% |
0.0000 |
|
Lederman and Ozden (2007) |
83.66 |
4 |
0.000 |
95.2% |
2.4182 |
|
Nouve and Staatz (2003) |
101.14 |
17 |
0.000 |
83.2% |
0.0023 |
|
Frazer and Van Biesebreock (2008) |
0.05 |
3 |
0.997 |
0.0% |
0.0000 |
|
Cooke (2011) |
16665.22 |
19 |
0.000 |
99.9% |
0.2560 |
|
Cooke (2009) |
20.75 |
19 |
0.351 |
8.4% |
0.0011 |
|
Tadesse and Fayissa (2010) |
102.28 |
31 |
0.000 |
69.7% |
0.0072 |
|
Tadesse, et al (2008) |
6.12 |
12 |
0.910 |
0.0% |
0.0000 |
|
Overall |
1.2e+05 |
172 |
0.000 |
99.9% |
0.0572 |
|
Overall Test for heterogeneity between sub-groups: |
10 |
0.000 | |||
** I-squared: the variation in ES attributable to heterogeneity
Table 3c: Significance test(s) of Study effect = 0
|
Significance test(s) of ES=0 | ||
|
Seyoum (2007) |
z= 0.48 |
p = 0.632 |
|
Giovannetti and Sanfilippo (2009) |
z= 8.70 |
p = 0.000 |
|
Nouve (2005) |
z= 21.51 |
p = 0.000 |
|
Collier and Venables (2008) |
z= 1.58 |
p = 0.114 |
|
Lederman and Ozden (2007) |
z= 1.51 |
p = 0.131 |
|
Nouve and Staatz (2003) |
z= 3.60 |
p = 0.000 |
|
Frazer and Van Biesebreock (2010) |
z= 0.17 |
p = 0.865 |
|
Cooke(2011) |
z= 4.17 |
p = 0.000 |
|
Cooke(2009) |
z= 1.55 |
p = 0.121 |
|
Tadesse and Fayissa (2008) |
z= 1.14 |
p = 0.252 |
|
Tadesse, et al (2008) |
z= 0.59 |
p = 0.558 |
|
Overall |
z= 4.97 |
p = 0.000 |
23