Figure 4: Multilevel meta analysis results (all studies)
(1) T-stat |
(2) T-stat |
(3) T-stat | |
T-stat |
0.00504 |
-1.181*** |
-0.0458 |
(0.009) |
(0.105) |
(0.405) | |
no. of explanatory variables |
0.0267*** |
0.0422*** | |
product effects = 1 |
(0.002) 0.811*** |
(0.000) 0.398*** | |
logged dep. var. = 1 |
(0.060) 0.769*** |
(0.092) 0.337*** | |
country effects = 1 |
(0.104) |
(0.082) -0.147 | |
published = 1 |
(0.057) 0.103+ |
(0.183) | |
N (in logs) no. of years (logs) no. of countries (logs) annual = 1 time effects = 1 cross section = 1 other preferences included = 1 gravity regression = 1 robust s.e. = 1 single country analysis Constant |
2.470 |
(0.057) 0.850 |
(0.013) -0.00748 (0.008) -0.543* (0.274) -0.0206 (0.017) 1.295*** (0.302) (0.066) -3.461*** (0.549) (0.103) -0.444*** (0.109) 0.0381 (0.030) 1.253*** (0.236) -0.117 |
(2.855) |
(1.121) |
(0.902) | |
ln σu Random |
1.867*** |
1.162*** |
1.111*** |
(0.419) |
(0.285) |
(0.229) | |
ln σe Residual Constant |
3.246*** |
1.907*** |
0.352*** |
(0.055) |
(0.056) |
(0.059) | |
Observations |
174 |
174 |
174 |
LR test vs. linear regression |
3.642 |
17.78 |
141.0 |
Variation partition component (%) |
6 |
18.4 |
82 |
Standard errors in parentheses. All variables divided by the standard error
+ p < 0.1, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
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