The WTO and the Cartagena Protocol: International Policy Coordination or Conflict?

Current Agriculture, Food & Resource Issues

References

Gaisford, J.D. and W.A. Kerr. 2001. Economic Analysis for International Trade
Negotiations: The WTO and Agricultural Trade. Northhampton, MA: Edward Elgar
Press.

Gilpin, R. 2001. Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic
Order. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Helm, C. 2000. Economic Theories of International Environmental Cooperation.
Northhampton, MA: Edward Elgar Press.

Isaac, G.E. 2002. Agricultural Biotechnology and Transatlantic Trade: Regulatory
Barriers to GM Crops. Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing.

Isaac, G.E. and W.A. Kerr. 2003. Genetically Modified Organisms and Trade Rules:
Identifying Important Challenges for the WTO. The World Economy 26(1): 29-42.

Isaac, G.E., Phillipson, M. and W.A. Kerr. 2002. International Regulation of Products of
Biotechnology. Estey Centre Research Paper Number 2. Saskatoon, Canada: Estey
Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade.

Killinger, S. 2000. International Environmental Externalities and the Double Dividend.
Northhampton, MA: Edward Elgar Press.

Olson, M. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups.

Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Persson, T. and G. Tabellini. 2000. Political Economics: Explaining Economic Policy.

Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

World Trade Organization, Committee on Trade and the Environment. 2001. Matrix of
Multilateral Environmental Agreements. WTO Doc WT/CTE/W/160.Rev.1 (14 July
2001). Geneva: WTO.

Endnotes

¹ An institutional analysis methodology is appropriate for the comparative analysis of the
similarities and differences among institutions and is a common empirical approach in
International Political Economy literatures. Accordingly, comparators are identified
typically consisting of, but not limited to (1) origins of the institution; (2)
objectives/mandates/scope of the institution; (3) membership structure; (4) underlying
regulatory principles and path-dependent regulatory trajectories; as well as (5) decisions
and actions taken by the organization.

² Scientific justifications are determined to be sound not by the WTO but by one of the
following three international scientific agencies to which the WTO defers: (1) Codex
Alimentarius Commission (food safety and human health); (2) International Office of
Epizootics (animal safety and health); and (3) International Plant Protection Convention
(plant safety and health).

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