Vertical Coordination and Contract Farming
Rehber
Table 3.2. Size Distribution of Food Processing Plants
|
Size Category |
1963_________________ |
1987_________________ |
1992_________________ | |||
|
Numbers |
% |
Numbers |
% |
Numbers |
% | |
|
1-19 |
23 411 |
62.4 |
10 895 |
52.9 |
11 469 |
551 |
|
20-49 |
6 862 |
18.3 |
3 731 |
18.1 |
3 569 |
17.2 |
|
50-99 |
3 365 |
9.0 |
2 337 |
11.4 |
2 147 |
10.4 |
|
100-249 |
2 768 |
7.4 |
2 236 |
10.9 |
2 139 |
10.3 |
|
250-999 |
1 024 |
2.7 |
1 260 |
6.1 |
1 317 |
6.3 |
|
1000- +__________ |
96 |
0.3 |
124 |
0.6 |
_______157 |
0.7 |
|
Total_________ |
37 521 |
100.0 |
20 583 |
100.0 |
20 798 |
100.0 |
Sources: J. M. Connor and W. A. Schiek, 1997, page 85, and Bureau of the Census, 1992 Census of Manufactures, Table 1-4.
Table 3.3. Contract Production and Vertical Integration in the USA Food Industry
|
Commodity |
Contract Production________ |
Vertical Integration______ | ||
|
1970 |
1990 |
1970 |
1990 | |
|
Livestock | ||||
|
Broilers |
92 |
92 |
7 |
8 |
|
Turkeys |
60 |
65 |
12 |
28 |
|
Hogs |
1 |
11 |
1 |
6 |
|
Sheep/lamp |
7 |
7 |
12 |
28 |
|
Field crops | ||||
|
Food grain |
2 |
7 |
1 |
1 |
|
Feed grain |
1 |
7 |
1 |
1 |
|
Specialty crops | ||||
|
Processed vegetables |
85 |
88 |
10 |
9 |
|
Fresh vegetables |
21 |
25 |
30 |
40 |
|
Potatoes |
45 |
55 |
25 |
40 |
|
Citrus |
84 |
70 |
9 |
8 |
|
Other fruit and nuts |
20 |
35 |
20 |
25 |
|
Total farm output_____________ |
28.2 |
30.5 |
5.3 |
7.6 |
Source: S.W. Martinez and Al Reed, 1996, page 5.
Table 3.4. Number of the Dairy Cooperatives by 1992-1997
|
Cooperatives |
1992 |
1997 | ||
|
Number_____ |
% |
Number |
% | |
|
Processes and manufacturing co._______ |
86 |
32.5 |
63 |
27.8 |
|
Milk receiving stations_________________ |
44 |
16.6 |
25 |
11.0 |
|
Bargaining cooperatives_______________ |
135 |
50.9 |
138 |
61.2 |
|
Total___________________________________ |
265 |
100.0 |
226 |
100.0 |
Source: K.C.Ling, 1999.
Food Marketing Policy Center Research Report #52
38
More intriguing information
1. The name is absent2. Alzheimer’s Disease and Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
3. Design and investigation of scalable multicast recursive protocols for wired and wireless ad hoc networks
4. Short report "About a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism"
5. The name is absent
6. Innovation Trajectories in Honduras’ Coffee Value Chain. Public and Private Influence on the Use of New Knowledge and Technology among Coffee Growers
7. The name is absent
8. Informal Labour and Credit Markets: A Survey.
9. The name is absent
10. Synchronisation and Differentiation: Two Stages of Coordinative Structure