Vertical Coordination and Contract Farming
Rehber
Table 3.2. Size Distribution of Food Processing Plants
|
Size Category |
1963_________________ |
1987_________________ |
1992_________________ | |||
|
Numbers |
% |
Numbers |
% |
Numbers |
% | |
|
1-19 |
23 411 |
62.4 |
10 895 |
52.9 |
11 469 |
551 |
|
20-49 |
6 862 |
18.3 |
3 731 |
18.1 |
3 569 |
17.2 |
|
50-99 |
3 365 |
9.0 |
2 337 |
11.4 |
2 147 |
10.4 |
|
100-249 |
2 768 |
7.4 |
2 236 |
10.9 |
2 139 |
10.3 |
|
250-999 |
1 024 |
2.7 |
1 260 |
6.1 |
1 317 |
6.3 |
|
1000- +__________ |
96 |
0.3 |
124 |
0.6 |
_______157 |
0.7 |
|
Total_________ |
37 521 |
100.0 |
20 583 |
100.0 |
20 798 |
100.0 |
Sources: J. M. Connor and W. A. Schiek, 1997, page 85, and Bureau of the Census, 1992 Census of Manufactures, Table 1-4.
Table 3.3. Contract Production and Vertical Integration in the USA Food Industry
|
Commodity |
Contract Production________ |
Vertical Integration______ | ||
|
1970 |
1990 |
1970 |
1990 | |
|
Livestock | ||||
|
Broilers |
92 |
92 |
7 |
8 |
|
Turkeys |
60 |
65 |
12 |
28 |
|
Hogs |
1 |
11 |
1 |
6 |
|
Sheep/lamp |
7 |
7 |
12 |
28 |
|
Field crops | ||||
|
Food grain |
2 |
7 |
1 |
1 |
|
Feed grain |
1 |
7 |
1 |
1 |
|
Specialty crops | ||||
|
Processed vegetables |
85 |
88 |
10 |
9 |
|
Fresh vegetables |
21 |
25 |
30 |
40 |
|
Potatoes |
45 |
55 |
25 |
40 |
|
Citrus |
84 |
70 |
9 |
8 |
|
Other fruit and nuts |
20 |
35 |
20 |
25 |
|
Total farm output_____________ |
28.2 |
30.5 |
5.3 |
7.6 |
Source: S.W. Martinez and Al Reed, 1996, page 5.
Table 3.4. Number of the Dairy Cooperatives by 1992-1997
|
Cooperatives |
1992 |
1997 | ||
|
Number_____ |
% |
Number |
% | |
|
Processes and manufacturing co._______ |
86 |
32.5 |
63 |
27.8 |
|
Milk receiving stations_________________ |
44 |
16.6 |
25 |
11.0 |
|
Bargaining cooperatives_______________ |
135 |
50.9 |
138 |
61.2 |
|
Total___________________________________ |
265 |
100.0 |
226 |
100.0 |
Source: K.C.Ling, 1999.
Food Marketing Policy Center Research Report #52
38
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