Fiscal federalism and Fiscal Autonomy: Lessons for the UK from other Industrialised Countries

Table 1: The Functional Distribution of Public Expenditure by Level of Government

	General Public Services			Defence			Public Order and Safety			Education			Health			Social Security and Welfare			Housing and Community Amenities			Leisure			Economic Affairs and Services			Other
Federal countries	Central	State	Local	Central	State	Local	Central	State	Local	Central	State	Local	Central	State	Local	Central	State	Local	Central	State	Local	Central	State	Local	Central	State	Local	Central	State	Local
Australia	46	46	8	Т00	0	0	13	83	3	28	72	1	52	47	1	90	8	1	23	44	33	20	46	34	33	51	16	80	18	2
Canada	33	36	~21	lôô	^-0	^-0	34	33	33	~6	37	38		35	“3	39	37		36	34	3ô	34	39	3ô	34	35	31	35	31
Germany	38	34	~28	4ôô	^-0	^-0	^-8	32	34		38	37	32	32	35	39	ЗТ	31		36	33		33	33	36	35	38	33	31	~6
USA	38	33	39	4ôô	0	0	39	37	34	“3	34	32	38	ЗТ	ЗТ	39	33	^3	33	~5	31	34	3ô	36	3ô	38	32	38	32	3ô
Switzerland	~41	37	ЛТ	^90	~5	~5		37	26	3ô	35	35	36	35	39	37	35	^-8	35	34	31	33	32	35	33	2~2	35	36	35	3ô
Spain	~44	37	3ô	4ôô	~0		39	35	36	39	35		37	3ô		34				39	34	36	37	37	3ô	37	33	34		^-9
Unitary countries	Central	State	Local	Central	State	Local	Central	State	Local	Central	State	Local	Central	State	Local	Central	State	Local	Central	State	Local	Central	State	Local	Central	State	Local	Central	State	Local
Denmark	72	-	28	Т00	-	0	87	-	13	53	-	47	5	-	95	45	-	55	67	-	33	45	-	55	65	-	35	97	-	3
France	34	-	35	4ôô	-	^-0	32	-	38	33	-	37	38	-		ЗТ	-	^-9	38	-	32	37	-	33	33	-	37	35	-	35
Norway	666	-	34	4ôô	-	^-0	33	-	37	37	-	33	33	-	37	31	-	39	33	-	37	35	-	35	32	-	38	^^90	-	30
Netherlands	77Î	-	39	4ôô	-	^-0	35	-	35	37	-	33	35	-	“3	36	-	34	31	-	39	32	-	33	34	-	36	35	-	35
Uk	38	-	32	4ôô	-	^-0	38	-	32	33	-	37	4ôô	-		30	-	3ô	39	-	31	35	-	35	31	-	39	31	-	^-9

Source: IMF Government Financial Statistics 2001 edition.