Palvelujen vienti ja kansainvälistyminen



MANKINEN, Reijo, ALI-YRKKO, Jyrki ja YLA-ANTTILA, Pekka; PALVELUIDEN
VIENTI JA Kansainvalistyminen
. Helsinki: etla, Elinkeinoelaman Tutkimus-
laitos, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, 2001, 42 s. (Keskusteluaiheita, Discus-
sion Papers, ISSN 0781-6847; No 767).

TIIVIsTELMa: Monet teollisuusmaiden palveluyritykset ovat kansainvalistyneet nopeasti.
Viimeisten vuosikymmenten aikana palvelusektorin ulkomaaninvestointien kasvu on ollut
nopeampaa kuin teollisuussektorin. Syita on useita: monet palvelusektorin yritykset ovat seu-
ranneet teollisia asiakasyrityksiaan ulkomaille ja kauppaa seka paaomaliikkeita on vapautettu.
Myos Suomessa palvelusektorin vienti on kasvanut viimeisten vuosikymmenten aikana. Toi-
saalta tavaraviennin nopea kasvu viimeisten kymmenen vuoden aikana on aiheuttanut sen,
etta palveluviennin osuus koko viennista pysyi ennallaan 1990-luvulla. Keskeinen syy yrityk-
sille suunnattujen palvelujen lisaantymiseen liittyy toiminnan ulkoistamiseen ja yritysten eri-
koistumiseen ydinliiketoimintoihinsa. Monet yrityksen sisalla aiemmin tuotetut palvelut ovat
siirtyneet yrityksen ulkopuolelle. Suomalaisten yritysten kansainvalistymisessa keskeisiin
aloihin kuuluvat esimerkiksi tietotekniikkapalvelut ja projektivienti. Tulevaisuudessa uusia
nopeasti kasvavia palvelualoja voivat olla myos kuluttajapalvelut, esimerkiksi hyvinvointi-
palvelut. Lisaksi osaamisintensiivisten yrityspalveluiden kansainvalistymisessa on iso poten-
tiaali. Tama perustuu yrityskohtaiseen erityisosaamiseen, jota palveluyritys voi kartuttaa jat-
kuvasti oppimalla asiakasyrityksiltaan. Ajan mittaan tama osaamispaaoma tuottaa merkittavia
skaalaetuja.

AVAINsANAT: Vienti, palvelu, palveluala, kansainvalistyminen, suorat sijoitukset

MANKINEN, Reijo, ALI-YRKKO, Jyrki, YLa-ANTTILA, Pekka; Exports of services
and internationalization of business.
Helsinki: ETLA, The Research Institute of the Finnish
Economy, 2001, 42 p. (Discussion Papers, ISSN 0781-6847; No 767).

ABsTRACT: Services industries of most industrial economies have rapidly internationalized
during the past twenty years. Since the mid-1980s the growth of services sector’s foreign di-
rect investment has been faster than that of the manufacturing sector. There are variety of rea-
sons for the increasing internationalization of the services sector. A number of service com-
panies have internationalized in the wake of their industrial customer companies, and many
service companies have specialized in narrow segments where growth is possible only by en-
tering international markets. Moreover, world trade and investment flows have been liberal-
ized. During the past few decades, the exports of services sector have grown in Finland, too.
Increasing outsourcing is the key for the growth of business services’ production and exports.
In Finland the fastest growing industries in terms of FDI and exports have been construction
services, IT-services and telecommunications. In the future, health care services and other
personal services might become one of the fast growing service industries. Moreover, knowl-
edge intensive business services have still a huge growth potential. Internationalization and
growth of this industry are based on company specific know-how that can be accumulated by
organizational learning. Advances in information and communication technologies improve
efficiency of service production and enhances international expansion of service industries. .

KEY WORDs: Exports, service, internationalization, globalization, FDI



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