The name is absent



Aliki Mouriki

NETHERLANDS

the “Flexibility and Security Act” (1999) strengthened the position of
temporary workers by reducing precariousness and gave employment and
SS rights to temporary agency workers

more protection for temporary agency workers and limitations to the use
of successive fixed-term contracts

part-time workers guaranteed equal treatment in conditions of
employment

employees entitled to request an adjustment of working time (an increase
or a decrease), according to their needs

support in the transition from school to work

•   40% of all workers are covered by a training fund

economic incentives to recruit long-term unemployed work

PORTUGAL

duration of unemployment benefit increased for older workers above 45
years

SPAIN

•   fixed-term contracts automatically transformed into open-ended contracts

after 24 months of service with the same employer, following a tripartite
agreement in 2006 to reduce the use of temporary work

workers entitled to individual training leave, with companies training
initiatives receiving subsidies and SS allowances

•   2007 law on equality provides workers with the right to reduce and adapt

their working time schedules according to family responsibilities

SS coverage extended to the self-employed workers (3 m.)

SWEDEN

introduction (through collective agreements) of career transition
agreements to support workers if made redundant (counseling, guidance,
career orientation, training, etc.)

UK

flexible working hours can be requested by employees caring for
dependent family members (2003); maternity pay has improved

the emphasis on LLL has been greatly increased

individual support to job seekers

a tax credit system has been introduced, aiming to support the
employment of specific groups of job seekers.

Source: Eurofound, 2008b

In many instances, the policy outcome of the flexicurity measures introduced in recent years has
far from been positive on employees. The most prominent example is that in some countries, access
to unemployment benefit has become conditional on certain obligations, thus making it possible
to impose sanctions in the case of unemployed persons who decline the offer of a job, or do not
participate in the activities proposed by the unemployment centres (Belgium, the Netherlands, Por-
tugal, UK). Elsewhere, the eligibility criteria for receiving unemployment benefit have become more
stringent (Finland, the Netherlands), or the duration of the benefit period has been cut short for
certain age groups (Portugal). Other initiatives that can be considered as having a negative impact on
employees is the simplification of procedures and relaxation of constraints for individual dismissals
(Portugal), the imposition of stricter eligibility criteria for receiving a training allowance (Germany),
the reduction of unemployment benefits through their integration into the welfare system (Ger-

Page 44



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