The name is absent

50

percentage points. Individuals with bachelor‘s degrees, college certificates, high school
certificates, and individuals who went to university without graduating all enjoyed noteworthy
improvements over the 1996-2001 period.

iii. On-Reserve/Off-reserve Aboriginal Labour Market Participation

The area of residence also affects labour market outcomes. On-reserve Aboriginals have
consistently lower labour participation rates, except at the university degree level where
outcomes are similar (Brunnen (2003a)). On average, the participation rate of on-reserve
Aboriginal Canadians was 16.2 percentage points lower than their off-reserve counterparts in
2001, 49.1 per cent compared to 65.3 per cent for off-reserve Aboriginal Canadians (Chart 13).
The lower participation rates on reserves can be partially explained by the lower educational
attainment of on-reserve Aboriginal Canadians noted in the previous section, lower employment
opportunities and the fact that on-reserve residents are more likely to participate in more
traditional activities such as hunting and gathering and as such may not be participating in the
formal labour force.

Chart 13: Labour Force Outcomes of Aboriginal Canadians On- and Off-Reserve in the

Western Provinces 1996, 2001

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