Natural hazard mitigation in Southern California



Contents

Preface........................................................................................................................................... i

Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ ii

1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Natural hazards and the need for mitigation ................................................................ 1

1.2    Research objectives and methodology......................................................................... 2

1.3    Reader’s guide..............................................................................................................3

2. Conceptual framework: literature review.................................................................................4

2.1    Definitions.................................................................................................................... 4

2.2    Mitigation measures and their effectiveness................................................................7

2.2.1     Structural mitigation.............................................................................................7

2.2.2     Non-structural mitigation..................................................................................... 8

2.2.3    Awareness projects...............................................................................................9

2.2.4    Hazard disclosure ............................................................................................... 10

2.2.5     Financial policies................................................................................................ 10

2.3    Mitigation and the planning process .......................................................................... 11

2.4    Conclusion.................................................................................................................. 13

3. Institutional framework: Mitigation and US Governance...................................................... 15

3.1    Federal government.................................................................................................... 15

3.2    State government........................................................................................................ 19

3.3   Local government.......................................................................................................22

4. Case studies in Southern California ....................................................................................... 24

4.1    Southern California and natural hazard mitigation .................................................... 24

4.2    County characteristics ................................................................................................ 25

4.2.1    Orange County ................................................................................................... 25

4.2.2    Los Angeles County........................................................................................... 26

4.3    Evaluation of mitigation policies in OC and LAC.....................................................27

4.3.1    Evaluation framework........................................................................................ 27

4.3.2    Natural hazard mitigation in Orange County.....................................................27

4.3.3    Natural hazard mitigation in Los Angeles County.............................................29

4.3.4    Evaluation........................................................................................................... 30

4.4 Conclusion.................................................................................................................. 33

5. Recommendations .................................................................................................................. 34

Bibliograhpy............................................................................................................................... 36

iii



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