Social Cohesion as a Real-life Phenomenon: Exploring the Validity of the Universalist and Particularist Perspectives



Figure 4. Country membership of social cohesion models (hierarchical cluster analyses)


First Wave (1981)


Case


Num


DEN

SWE

GB

CAN

NL

IRE

SP

FRA

B

GER W

ITA

USA


3

9

10

2

7

5

8

4

1

12

6

11



Second wave(1990)


Case


Num


ITA

SP

GB

GER W

FRA

IRE

B

DEN

SWE

NL

CAN

USA


6

8

10

12

4

5

1

3

9

7

2

11



Fourth wave (1999)


Case


Num


IRE

ITA

GB

FRA

SP

GER W

B

CAN

NL

SWE

DEN

USA


5

6

10

4

8

12

1

2

7

9

3

11



26




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