Social Cohesion as a Real-life Phenomenon: Exploring the Validity of the Universalist and Particularist Perspectives



Appendix 1. Composition of social cohesion indicators

The composition of the religious-secular and survival-selfexpression dimensions:

Items from WVS

Traditional-
religious vs
rational-secular
values *___________

Survival vs
selfexpression
values **

Factor loadings

Factor loadings

God is not very important in respondent’s life_______

.91_____________________

It is less important for a child to learn obedience
and religious faith than independence and
determination (autonomy index)__________________

.88

Abortion is always justifiable______________________

.82

Respondent does not have a strong sense of
national pride_______________________________________

.81

Respondent opposes more respect for authority

.73

Respondent gives priority to self-expression and
quality of life over economic and physical security
(4-item MaterialisVPostmaterialist Values Index
***)

-87

Respondent describes self as very happy___________

.81

Homosexuality is always justifiable________________

.77_________________

Respondent has or would sign a petition___________

.74_________________

Most people can be trusted_______________________

.46_________________

* secular is positive pole; ** selfexpression is positive pole; *** see Appendix 2.

Nb: adapted from Inglehart and Welzel (2005: 49).

Items composing the civic participation indicator:

“Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organizations and activities and
say which, if any, you belong to:”

- social welfare for elderly, handicapped or deprived people;

-religious or church organizations;

- education, arts, music or cultural activities;

- trade unions;

- political parties;

- third world development or human rights;

- conservation, environment, animal rights groups;

- professional associations;

- youth work;

27



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