A Critical Examination of the Beliefs about Learning a Foreign Language at Primary School



2.3.3.1 Learning the Syntactical System in the Classroom 97

2.3.3.2 Summary On Syntactical Development            98

2.3.4 Maturational Constraints and Lexical Development         99

2.3.5 Maturational Constraints and the Development of
DiscourseandPragmatics                            103

2.4   CognitiveExpIanations                                         107

2.5   AffectiveConsiderations                                        108

2.5.1 AffectiveandsociaIConsiderations                        108

2.5.2 Empathy and Acculturation                               111

2.5.3 NaturaICharacteristics                                     114

2.6   Quantity and Quality of Exposure Time                          114

2.6.1 LanguageStatus                                     116

2.7   Some Unanswered Questions and Problem Areas              118

2.8   Conclusion                                                    125

CHAPTER THREE

Learning Outcomes from Primary School Foreign Language

Classrooms in Scotland and England

3.1    Introduction                                                        130

3.2   Learning Outcomes from Classrooms in England                 131

3.3 The Scottish Evaluation of Learning Outcomes in the

National Pilot                                                      133

3.3.1 TheFrameworkforthescottjshEvaIuation                133

3.3.2 General Findings                                         135

3.4   A Review of Evaluations of Learning Outcomes                  136

3.4.1 Phonological Development                                137

3.4.2 Syntactical Development and Pre-fabricated Language      138

3.4.3 Lexical Development                                     143

3.4 4 DevelopmentofDiscourseSkiIIs                          145

3.4 5 Performance at Standard Grade                          147

3.4.6 Learners of Different'Abilities'                                 151

3.4.7 Learning Strategies                                        155



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