3.5 Affective Learning Outcomes 156
3.5.1 Enthusiasm 156
3.5.2 LanguageLearningis1Easy' 159
3.5.3 ChangingAttitudes 161
3.5.4 Anxiety 162
3.6 OtherFindings 163
3.6.1 EffectsonLanguageProvision 163
3.6.2 ChiIdrenfromDifferentBackgrounds 165
3.7 Potential Problem Areas Surrounding Evaluations of Outcomes 166
3.7.1 Methods 167
3.7.1.1 Audio-VisuaIMethodoIogy 167
3.7.1.2 Current Methods 170
3.7.1.3 References to Children's First Language 175
3.7.1.4 AccesstoWrittenLanguage 177
3.7.2 TeacherCompetence 179
3.7.3 Continuity 184
3.7.4 ChoiceofLanguage 184
3.7.5 The Special Case of English 186
3.7.6 Assessment Issues 190
3.8 Conclusion 193
CHAPTER FOUR
Factors Affecting Foreign Language Learning in the Primary
School Classroom
4.1 Introduction 198
4.2 LearningaForeignLanguageintheCIassroom 199
4.3 Demands on the Learner 201
4.3.1 ConsciousnessandthelmportanceofNoticing 205
4.3.2 Noticing and Phonological Development 207
4.3.3 Attention Spans 209
4.3.4 Noticing and Syntactical Deveopment 212
4.3.4.1 AttentiontoFormandCognitiveMaturity 213
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