TIME-USE OF WOMEN AND MEN IN IRELAND
|
Table 11: Per Cent Feeling Rush or Stressed - Weekdays | |||
|
No |
Yes | ||
|
All |
53.4 |
46.6 |
100.0 |
|
Male |
53.2 |
46.8 |
100.0 |
|
Female |
53.6 |
46.4 |
100.0 |
|
Employed |
42.7 |
57.3 |
100.0 |
|
Self-employed |
35.5 |
64.5 |
100.0 |
|
Student |
56.6 |
43.4 |
100.0 |
|
Home Duties |
64.7 |
35.3 |
100.0 |
|
Retired |
85.3 |
14.7 |
100.0 |
|
Other non-employed |
72.7 |
27.3 |
100.0 |
|
Youngest Child < 5 years |
33.8 |
66.2 |
100.0 |
|
Youngest 5-10 years |
33.7 |
66.3 |
100.0 |
|
Youngest 11-17 years |
54.1 |
45.9 |
100.0 |
|
Under 18, age unknown |
37.5 |
62.5 |
100.0 |
|
No kids <18 years |
60.7 |
39.3 |
100.0 |
|
Single employed |
49.2 |
50.8 |
100.0 |
|
Single not employed |
73.2 |
26.8 |
100.0 |
|
Dual-Earner Couple |
38.2 |
61.8 |
100.0 |
|
Male Breadwinner |
49.6 |
50.4 |
100.0 |
|
Female breadwinner |
64.3 |
35.7 |
100.0 |
|
No-earner couple |
72.0 |
28.0 |
100.0 |
|
Primary |
70.2 |
29.8 |
100 |
|
Intermediate Certificate |
52.3 |
47.7 |
100 |
|
Leaving Certificate |
52.4 |
47.6 |
100 |
|
Post-secondary |
45.6 |
54.4 |
100 |
347
Source: Irish National Time-Use Survey, 2005.
Note: Yes = Sometimes/Often feel rushed/stressed during the diary day. When a chi-
squared test is applied, all differences between groups are significant at p <0.05.
are negligible, both at a descriptive level (Table 11) and in models (A and B).
It is only when we distinguish between paid and unpaid work in the modelling
that we find women in Ireland somewhat more likely to feel rushed than men
(Model C). Women have more committed time than men, but more of this is
unpaid, and it is when we account for this, we find women feel more rushed
than men. However, we should not overstate this finding: compared to the US,
gender differences in feeling rushed in Ireland are small.
In any case we should note that while feeling rushed clearly is associated
with high levels of committed time, other factors also play a role. In