SLA RESEARCH ON SELF-DIRECTION: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES



TABLE OF FIGURES

1.1 Outline of contents and connections between chapters                12

2.1 Two stages in the self-directed learning scheme                      19

2.2 Learning to Ieam scheme according to Holec                       22

2.3 Language teaching system in Mexico                             28

2.4 Training courses for SAC staff in UABJO, Oaxaca                 37

2.5 Scheme of support elements in SAC Oaxaca                       40

3.1 Divergence of counsellors and learners about counselling sessions    49

3.2 Metacognitive strategies as learning strategies                         54

3.3 Metacognitive knowledge and strategies scheme                    58

3.4 Learning and learning to leam, an integrated approach                62

3.5 Relationship between interactional and transactional authority         68

4.1 Attentional elements in other-directed learning                        83

4.2 Alertness and orientation elements in self-direction                    88

4.3 The awareness box in self-directed language learning                 91

4.4 Summary of research on beliefs about self-directed language learning 97

4.5 Fields ofbeliefs in self-directed language learning research            99

4.6 Influence of different dimensions on a self-direction scheme          115

5.1 Type and content of sessions                                      124

5.2 The participants                                                    125

5.3 Features of ethnographic research                                   129

5.4 Three different approaches of ethnographic research in language

education                                                       137

5.5 Relationship of insider roles and research sources                    138

5.6 Comparison of ethnographic approaches                            141

5.7 Verbal report outcomes                                           143

6.1 Ga according to her selves                                          154

6.2 T according to his selves                                            155

6.3 F according to his selves                                            155

6.4 K according to her selves                                           156

6.5 E according to her selves                                            156

6.6 Learners’ beliefs related to person                                     162

7.1 Input sessions in Oaxaca/97 Project                                  192

7.2 Definition of the process of self-directed learning                      194

7.3 The six stages of self-directed learning                                194

7.4 Cognitive model of self-directed learning and the 6 stages of

operationalisation                                                     195

7.5 The six stages of learning and the type of awareness involved         196

7.6 Three input sessions on awareness                                 200

7,7 The discussion sessions                                             206

7.8 Overall view of sessions and their objectives in the Oaxaca/97 project 207

7.9 Orienting according to source and degree of selectivity               212

7.10 Stages of learning and intemal∕extemal forces                      236

7.11 Personal classification of participants                                238

8.1 Conditions for creating a learning culture                             255

8.2 Relation between self-esteem and expectations                       264



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