|
Baleares______________ |
_______________4.5 |
10.5 |
32.9 |
1.49 |
1.46 |
|
Canarias______________ |
_________________8.1 |
________8.7 |
23.0 |
2.66 |
1.67 |
|
Cantabria_____________ |
_______________0.7 |
1.9 |
13.2 |
0.22 |
_________0 |
|
CastillaDLa Mancha |
_______________2.5 |
________4.1 |
________7.0 |
0.82 |
_________0 |
|
CastillaDLeon_________ |
_______________0.5 |
________0.8 |
15.5 |
0.17 |
0.39 |
|
Catalonia_____________ |
_________________3.1 |
45.9 |
160.4 |
0.98 |
1.21 |
|
Extremadura_________ |
_______________6.4 |
4.6 |
17.7 |
2.10 |
_________0 |
|
Galicia________________ |
_______________5.0 |
6.2 |
15.3 |
1.64 |
2.96 |
|
Madrid_____________ |
_______________2.6 |
30.2 |
122.0 |
0.85 |
0.63 |
|
Murcia______________ |
_______________3.5 |
________8.2 |
31.0 |
1.16 |
3.71 |
|
Navarra______________ |
_______________4.2 |
46.1 |
76.9 |
1.37 |
1.04 |
|
Basque Country______ |
________________1.5 |
11.9 |
63.8 |
0.48 |
0.23 |
|
La Rioja_____________ |
_______________2.7 |
11.3 |
30.3 |
0.89 |
_________0 |
|
Com. OfValencia_____ |
_______________4.9 |
25.9 |
72.0 |
1.61 |
1.74 |
Notes: The percentage of patents means the ratio of medical equipment patents on the total patents
granted to residents in that region. They have been considered two Patenting ratios. PIl has been
calculated as the number of patents granted in the 1979□1995 period to Spanish residents in the medical
equipment sector for million of inhabitants. PI2 also includes the utility models. The Relative
Technological Advantage RTA is the ratio between the national and regional percentage of the patents
granted to medical equipment and the total number of patents in each region. There are two RTA ratios:
RTAl includes all patents while RTA2 only includes patents granted to companies and institutions.
Source: Own production
This result is also given by the Relative Technological Advantage (RTA). The ratio
RTAy of a region i in an industry j is defined as:
m
PATij/ ∑ PATij
RTAij
__________j=1________
n n m
∑ PATij/ ∑ ∑PATij
i=1 i=1j=1
where PATy is the number of patents granted to residents of the region i in the industry
j, n is the number of regions and m is the number of industries. We have calculated two
ratios: RTAl includes all patents granted, and RTA2 includes only patents granted to
industrial firms and institutions, because those patents are the result of R&D activities
in companies and universities. Those regions with a RTA (Table 6) higher than 1 have a
greater patenting specialization in medical equipment than in other activities.
3. An approach to the factors determining the spatial distribution of medical equipment
innovative activities
Any explanation of the patenting activities of industrial firms has to be based on an
understanding of the determinants influencing this behaviour (Fischer el al 1994). In
this section elements from different theoretical contributions and empirical studies will
be drawn into a conceptual framework for analysing determinants that may explain the
More intriguing information
1. The name is absent2. A Dynamic Model of Conflict and Cooperation
3. CHANGING PRICES, CHANGING CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION
4. The effect of classroom diversity on tolerance and participation in England, Sweden and Germany
5. References
6. Impact of Ethanol Production on U.S. and Regional Gasoline Prices and On the Profitability of U.S. Oil Refinery Industry
7. The Provisions on Geographical Indications in the TRIPS Agreement
8. A Computational Model of Children's Semantic Memory
9. The name is absent
10. Barriers and Limitations in the Development of Industrial Innovation in the Region