5th and 8th grade pupils’ and teachers’ perceptions of the relationships between teaching methods, classroom ethos, and positive affective attitudes towards learning mathematics in Japan

5.4.5

8^th

T

Practical work promotes pupils’ sense of progress, because learning
mathematics through experience rather than merely cramming
knowledge promotes pupils’ understanding._________________________

5.4.6

-ʒw-

~T~

Teacher explanation is the central method to promote pupils’
understanding of content, and this method ensures pupils’ sense of
progress, because teachers can explain accurately what the pupils
have not mastered._______________________________________________

5.4.7

~5^w~

Although learning mathematics through experience promotes pupils’
understanding of the curriculum, pupils need to be taught knowledge
to support their experiences and to promote their understanding. A
combination of practical activities and accurate explanation from the
teacher will be the most effective measure to promote pupils’
understanding of the curriculum and sense of progress.______________

5.4.8

ɪ-

^p~

I sense my progress when I come to understand the learning content.
I think it is important to do exercises after listening to the explanation
of the teacher carefully.________________________________________________

5.4.9

-ɛtr-

~p^~

Understanding of the learning content is important for having a sense
of progress in mathematics lessons. I think listening to the teacher’s
explanation and reading an explanation written in a textbook
repeatedly is important to promote understanding.____________________

5.4.10

-ɛfɪr-

Discussion-style teaching methods encourage pupils to raise their
views positively in mathematics classes and promote their sense of
progress.___________________________________________________________

5.4.11

-ɛŋr-

-p—

I believe that the accumulation of individual effort is important to have
a sense of progress in mathematics learning._________________________

5.4.12

8^th

~p~

I think cultivating individual competencies by individual effort is
important to promote a sense of progress.___________________________

5.4.13

~5*^tr~

^T~

Discussion provides pupils with the opportunity to know others’ ideas
and compare them with their own ideas, as a result, they come to have
a sense of progress._________________________________________________

5.4.14

8^th

^p~

We can find different perspectives through having discussion and
developing our concepts. I feel progress when I come to develop
abstract concepts.___________________________________________________

5.4.15

~8^ffr~

"p~

I feel progress when I can put forward my views. I have more
opportunities to put forward my views when I study individually or in a
group than in the whole class. So, I think that individual or group
learning is more effective in promoting our sense of progress than
whole-class sessions._______________________________________________

5.4.16

8^th

~P~

I think I can promote my sense of progress by this method, because
this method is something new and different from traditional methods.

5.4.17

8^th

^P~

I feel easy about asking my friends when I am uncertain. So, learning
with friends is effective in having a sense of progress._________________

5.4.18

-^tH-

^^P~

I feel guilty if I do not try hard to learn mathematics when my teacher
helps me individually. The teacher’s help encourages me to learn
mathematics thoroughly and, as a result, I come to feel progress.______

5.4.19

8^th

-p-

ɪ think learning mathematics individually or in a small group is much
more effective in giving a sense of progress in mathematics classes,
because we can concentrate on the task provided.___________________