introducing different forms of road pricing. Five different measures were shown to each
respondent. After reading each measure, the respondent had to answer several questions
regarding behavioural changes and acceptability related issues. Although each respondent
only answered questions for five measures, each measure consisted of different variants,
which were randomly assigned to the respondents. The five pricing measures, including the
different variants within each measure, are shown in table 1. The first measure is a flat
kilometre charge. The revenues of the charge are either used for abolishment of fixed car
taxes or for lowering income taxes. Measure 2 consists of two different types of measures.
The first measure resembles a low fixed kilometre charge with an additional time dependent
toll on congested bottlenecks. The second variant is a kilometre charge based on the weight of
the car. Furthermore, measure 3 consists of a time dependent kilometre charge. The usage of
revenues is comparable to measure 1. Finally, measure 5 and 6 resemble cordon charges with
a price level of respectively 5 and 8 euro. Only when entering a medium/large city by car, the
fixed toll has to be paid.
Table 1: different pricing measures and variants within the questionnaire
|
Measure_________ |
Alternative_____________________________________________________________________________ |
|
1. km charge |
A: 3 € cent, abolishment of car ownership taxes B: 6 € cent, abolishment existing car taxation (purchase and ownership) C: 12 € cent, abolishment existing car taxation and building new roads D: 3 € cent, revenues used for lowering income taxes E: 6 € cent, revenues used for lowering income taxes F: 12 € cent, revenues used for lowering income taxes_________________________________ |
|
2. km charge |
A: 2 € cent with a morning and evening peak time charge (time dependent and stepwise) |
|
3. km charge |
A: 2 € cent outside and 6 € cent within peak periods, abolishment of car ownership taxes D: 2 € cent outside and 6 € cent within peak periods, revenues used for lowering income E: 4 € cent outside and 12 € cent within peak periods, revenues used for lowering income F: 8 € cent outside and 24 € cent within peak periods, revenues used for lowering income |
|
4. cordon charge |
A: 5 euro for entering city of min. 40.000 inhabitants, revenues used for lowering B: 5 euro for entering city of min. 40.000 inhabitants, revenues used for improving C: 5 euro for entering city of min. 40.000 inhabitants, revenues used for improving |
|
5. cordon charge |
8 euro for entering city of min. 40.000 inhabitants, revenues used for lowering income |
Roughly half of the group of respondents (263) were selected from earlier questionnaire
rounds, which only focussed on commuters. These 263 respondents are workers, who