technological, organizational, economic and cultural modifications and the formation of
human resources.
Thus, we considered the innovation activities, following CIS II and III. Its innovation
activities involves Research and Development (R&D) (the R&D inside the
organization: the creative work undertaken systematically to increase a reserve of
knowledge of the organization, as well as the use of this reserve in the development of
new applications, such as products (goods/services), processes or structures, new or
improved) and so involve the acquisition of services (external R&D) (the previous
activities but executed by other organization (public or private) company or entities of
R&D), the acquisition of new equipment, the acquisition of other external knowledge,
the formation (internal or externally guided for the development or introduction of
innovations), introductions of innovations in the market and marketing (networks of
distribution to commercialize the innovations can include studies of markets, market
tests, advertising), management techniques and alteration of the structure of the
organization.
Prior to this and to characterize the attitude of the different actors in innovation
activities we consider the set of variables to classify the behaviour of the companies in
activities of innovation:
1. Research and Development (R&D) inside the companies
2. Acquisition of external services - R&D
3. Acquisition of new technologies
4. Information Technologies
5. Acquisition of other external knowledge
6. Formation of Human Resources
7. Introduction of innovation in market
8. Management strategy /techniques
9. Organizational Structure
10. Marketing
11. The company introduced innovation
12. Innovation of product
13. Innovation of process
14. Organizational innovation
To this set of variables we applied the Multivariate Statistical Analysis K-means
clusters. The aim is to detect standard behaviours of the companies with respect to its
involvement in innovation activities. The clusters of the companies were analysed by
crosstabs and compare means to identify the multiple characteristics of each standard
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