School Effectiveness in Developing Countries - A Summary of the Research Evidence

8.3 Curriculum

Improvement of the implemented curriculum is more effective than curriculum reform.

8.4 Teaching methods

Where appropriate, such techniques as multigrade teaching, peer tutoring, cooperative
learning, a mystery approach, and interactive radio instruction can be effective/efficient.

8.5 Examinations

Examination reform can improve quality. Assessment should be focused more on
success and less on failure.

8.6 School facilities

The provision of basic school physical facilities (eg. desks, chalk, latrines) is important.
However, lavish buildings and equipment (eg computers) are not cost-effective.

8.7 School organisation

Decreasing class size is not cost-effective but increasing instructional time is. It is
desirable to encourage community involvement and homework and to discourage grade
repetition. A multiple-shift system may be cost-effective.

8.8 Education management

Good decentralised management is important.

Therefore investment in management training (eg. for school principals and/or
inspectors) is sound.

8.9 Teachability

If resources permit, provision of preprimary education and measures to improve child
health can both increase quality.

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