8.3 Curriculum
Improvement of the implemented curriculum is more effective than curriculum reform.
8.4 Teaching methods
Where appropriate, such techniques as multigrade teaching, peer tutoring, cooperative
learning, a mystery approach, and interactive radio instruction can be effective/efficient.
8.5 Examinations
Examination reform can improve quality. Assessment should be focused more on
success and less on failure.
8.6 School facilities
The provision of basic school physical facilities (eg. desks, chalk, latrines) is important.
However, lavish buildings and equipment (eg computers) are not cost-effective.
8.7 School organisation
Decreasing class size is not cost-effective but increasing instructional time is. It is
desirable to encourage community involvement and homework and to discourage grade
repetition. A multiple-shift system may be cost-effective.
8.8 Education management
Good decentralised management is important.
Therefore investment in management training (eg. for school principals and/or
inspectors) is sound.
8.9 Teachability
If resources permit, provision of preprimary education and measures to improve child
health can both increase quality.
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