Education and Development: The Issues and the Evidence



23. Teacher's time
spent on class
preparation

+

5

4

School Management

24. Quality of
principal

+

7

4

25. Multiple shifts of
classes each day

-

3

1

26. Student boarding

+

4

3

27. Student repetition
of grade

+

5

1

Source: Fuller B, What School Factors Raise Achievement in the Third
World, Review of Educational Research, Vol 57 (3), 255-292,1987

B: General education and development
research review

Year

Reference

Data

Findings

School Effects

1987

Fuller

review

variety of school inputs
do contribute to
achievement

1987

Lockheed & Hanushek

review

radio and text-books more
cost-effective than teacher
training; academic more
cost-effective than
vocational education

1983

Heyneman & Loxley

IEA database

larger effect of school
factors in low income
countries

1986

Armitage et al

student Survey Brazil

teacher quality and
materials have significant
effect on achievement in
rural areas



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